Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSRA > Gastro > Flashcards

Gastro Flashcards

1
Q

Tx for Achalasia

A

Balloon dilation
Recurrent/persistent - surgical intervention (heller cardiomyotomy)

If too high risk for surg - intra-sphincteric inj of botox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Besty measurement for acute liver function

A

Prothrombin time and albumin level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tx for variceal bleeds

A

Give terlipressin and prophylactic abx before endoscopy

Band ligation

Propranolol = prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alcohol screening Qs

A

AUDIT (0-40) - 15+ = dependence

FAST (0-16)

CAGE (2+ = +ve)

ICD-10 (3 or more = +ve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Metabolic acidosis
Elevated anion gap
Elevated serum ketone levels
Normal or low glucose concentration

A

Alcoholic ketoacidosis

Tx = infusion of saline & thiamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Liver sy,pto, GGT elev, AST:ALT = > 2

A

Alcoholic liver disease

Tx = glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aminosaliycilates SEs (anti inflam in IBD)

A

Sulphasalazine - SEs = rashes, oligospermia, lung fibrosis

Mesalazine - agranulocytosis, pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ascites causes

A

Check SAAG level

SAAG >11 - indicates portal HTN (liver disorder, cardiac failure)
SAAG < 11 - low albumin (nephrotic, malnut), malig, inf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tx for ascties

A

Reduce dietary sodium
Spironolactone
Prophylactic abx (give cipro if ascitic protein >15)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amenorrhoea, fever, hepatitis, jaundice

A

AI hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Barrets oesophagus

A

Sq epi -> col epi

RF = GORD/smoking/obesity

Tx high dose PPI, endoscopic surveilance every 3-5 yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bile acid malabs
Pc, Causes, Ix, Tx

A

Presents w/ steatorrhoea
and Vitamin malabs

Causes - coeliac, cholecystectomy, small int bac overgrowth

Inv - SeHCAT

Tx = bile acid sequestrant (cholestyramine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sudden onset severe abdominal pain, ascites (distension), tender hepatomeg

A

Budd Chiari syndro (hepatic vein thrombosis)

Causes - PRV, thrombophilia, preg. COCP`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flushing, bronchospasm,, diarrhoea, hypotension

A

Carcinoid tumour

Ix - urinary 5-HIAA

Tx somatostatin analogue (octreotide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tx for C-diff

A

PO Vanc 10/7
second = PO Fidaxomicin
3rd = PO Vanc +/- IV met

If symptoms recur within 12 w - next option

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complication of coeliac

A

Anaemia (Fe, B12, Folate)
Hyposplenism
Osteoporosis
subfertility

enteropathy asso T-cell lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Coeliac Ix

A

Blooods - IgA TTG, IgA (endomysial ab), anti-gliadin antibody

Endoscopic intestinal biopsy
- villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Weight loss, lethargy, diarrhoea, abdo pain, skin tags

A

CD
Anywhere but commonly terminal ileum and colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Extraintestinal ft CD

A

Asymetrical arthritis
Erythema nodosum
Uveitis, episcleritis
Pyoderma gangrenosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tx for CD

A

Inducing remission - glucocorticoids (second line = 5-ASA (mesalazine))

Maintain remission - stop smoking
Azathioprine or mercaptopurine (check TPMT before both)
2nd line = methotrex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

left lower quadrant pain, diarrhoea and fever

A

Diverticulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

abdominal pain, bloating and change in bowel habit, lethargy, nausea. bladder symptom
Pain better on defecation

A

IBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bloody diarrhoea, Crampy abdominal pain and weight loss . Faecal urgency and tenesmus

A

UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crampy abdominal pains and diarrhoea. malabsorption, mouth ulcers, perianal disease, intestinal obstruction

A

CD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Drug induced liver disease
Hepatocellular picture (predom raise in AST/ALT) - paracetamol, Na Val, MAOIs, statins, alcohol Cholestatic picture (predom elev in ALP and GGT) - COCP, Co-Amox, erythromycin, sulphonylureas
26
Drug induced liver cirrhosis - causes
Methotrex, methyldopa, amiodarone
27
Dyspepsia - urgent referral criteria
All who have dysphagia All pt with upper abdo mass - Pts > 55 with weight loss + dyspepsia OR reflux OR upper abdo pain
28
Dysphagia in HIV pt who uses steroid inhaler
oesophageal candidiasis
29
Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, oEsophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia
Systemic sclerosis
30
Dysphagia of solids + liquids, ptosis, eye muscle weakness
Myaesthenia gravis
31
abdominal pain, worse postprandially, worse after fatty foods
Biliary colic `
32
Right upper quadrant pain Fever Occasionally mildly deranged LFT's
Acute cholecystitis Murpheys sign +ve Tx = Confirm on USS, Cholecystectomy within 48hrs
33
prodromal illness, swinging feverm,, RUQ pain, systemically unwell
Gallbladder abscess
34
Patient severely septic and unwell Jaundice Right upper quadrant pain
CholangitisI
35
intermittent SBO Hx of previous cholecystitis/known gallstones
Gallstone ileus Tx = laparotomy
36
RFs for gastric cancer
H. Pylori, pernicious anaemia, atrophic gastritis, smoking, blood group A
37
unconjugated bilirubinaemia Recurrent jaundice during illness/excessive exercise
Gilberts syndrome
38
Fatigue, arthritis (esp in hands), ED, DM, bronze skin, liver disease, cardiac failure
Haemachromatosis Auto Rec, more common in CF Ix - TSAT >50%, raised ferritin, low TIBC Tx Venesecvtion, desferoxamine
39
Erradication therapy for H Pylori
7 day course of PPI + amox + (clari or metro) If pen allergic - PPI + Clari +_Metro Test = urea breath test (no abx for 4w and no PPI for 2w)
40
Confusion/irritability, asterixis (liver flap), apraxia
Hepatic encephalopathy
41
Hep B serology
HBsAg = ongoing infection, either acute or chronic if present > 6 months anti-HBc = caught, i.e. negative if immunized
42
N/V, lethargy, RUQ pain, recent foreign travel
Viral hep Also in IVDU
43
Mos common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma
Uk - hep C Worldwide - chronic Hep B Marker = AFP
44
Radiology - differencess between CD and UC
CD - kantor string sign, rose thorn ulcers, fustulae UC - loss of haustrations, psudopolyps, superficial ulcer, drainpipe colon
45
normochromic/hypochromic, normocytic anaemia reduced serum and TIBC
AoCD
46
MAO + SEs metoclopramide
D2 Receptor antagonist Adverse SEs - EPMSE (dystonia - oculogyric crisis), diarrhoea, hyperprolactinaemia., Parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia NB - avoid in bowel obs
47
RFs oesophageal cancer
Adenocarcinoma (lower 1/3rd) - GORD/Barrets - Smoking, obesity Sq Cell Carcinoma (upper 2/3rds) - smoking/alcohol -achalasia
48
Dysphagia, glossitis, IDA, oesophageal webs
Pluimmer-vinson syndro
49
Painless jaundice, dark urine, itching, hepatomeg, palpable gallblader, new DM
Pancreatic cancer (adeno at head of panc) CT - doubke duct sign Marker = CA 19-9
50
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
A Dom -> numerous hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract + pigmented freckles on face, palms and soles
51
Association of PBC
Middle aged female - cholestatic jaundice, RUQ pian, hyperpigmentation, pruritus Asso - sjogrens, RA Imuno = AMAs (anti mito), raised IgM
52
Tx for PBC
Ursodeoxycholic acid Cholestyramine vs pruritus Fat sol viy supp
53
Asso and Ix for PSC
Asso - UC Ft - cholestasis -> jaundice, pruritus, raised bili RUQ pain, fatugue Ix - MRCP/ERCP - beaded appearance +ve pANCA
54
Adverse effects PPIs
hyponatraemia, hypomagnasaemia osteoporosis → increased risk of fractures microscopic colitis increased risk of C. difficile infections
55
Tx for acute UC
mild-mod proctitis/proctosigmoiditis Rectal aminosalicylate 4w if remission not achieved add PO aminosalicylate If nil achievement - add topical/oral steroid Extensive disease - topical + oral aminosalicylate 1st line Severe collitis - admit - IV steroids
56
Maintaining remission in UC
Proctitis and proctosigmoiditis rectal aminosalicylate +/- oral aminosalicilate left-sided/ extensive ulcerative colitis Tx = low dose oral aminosalicylate If >2 relapses per year - po azathioprine/mercaptopurine
57
Vit A deficiancy
(retinol) def - night blindness
58
Vit B6 def
(pyridoxime) def - periph neuropathy, sideroblasrtic anaemia
59
Young adult - liver disease + neurological dysfunc
Wilsons disease Liver - hep + cirrhosis Neuro - basal ganglia degen Kaiser fleischer rings
60
All clotting factors low except for F VII - easy bleeding
Liver failure

MSRA (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions