Metabolic Flashcards
Drugs that decrease K+ (3)
Thiazides
Loops
Acetazolamide
Name another lipid lowering drug other than a statin
Ezetimibe
When to suggest familial hypercholesterolaemia?
If total cholesterol >7.5 OR
Personal or FH of premature coronary heart disease <60yo
if one parent is affected by familial hypercholesterolaemia, arrange testing in children by age ?
if both parents are affected by familial hypercholesterolaemia, arrange testing in children by age ?
10 and 5
What is the Simon Broome criteria?
Clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia is now using Simon Broome criteria
Hypercalcaemia mx (4)
3-4L NaCL/day
Bisphosphonates (typically take 2-3 days to work, with max effect at 7 days)
Calcitonin
Steroids
ECG changes seen in hyperkalaemia (3)
Tented T waves
Small P waves
Widened QRS
Causes of hyperkalaemia (6)
- AKI
- Drugs eg heparin, ciclosporin
- Metabolic acidosis
- Addison’s
- Rhabdo
- Massive blood transfusion
Causes of hypernatraemia (3)
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus
Excessive IV saline
Causes of hypocalcaemia (6)
Mx
Vitamin D deficiency
CKD
HypoPTH
Rhabdo
Magnesium deficiency
Pancreatitis
10mls of 10% calcium gluconate over 10 mins
Low K+ w HTN (4)
Cushing’s syndrome
Conn’s syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
Liddle’s syndrome
11-beta hydroxylase deficiency
Low K+ w/o HTN causes (5)
Diuretics
GI loss (e.g. Diarrhoea, vomiting)
Renal tubular acidosis
Bartter’s syndrome
Gitelman syndrome
early symptoms may include: headache, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, and muscle cramps
late symptoms may include: seizures, coma, and respiratory arrest
= which electrolyte imbalance?
Hyponatramia
How can you prevent osmotic demyelination syndrome?
Na+ can only be raised by 4 to 6mmol/l in a 24 hour period
Mx of SIADH (2)
Fluid restrict
Demeclocycline
