Metabolic

Question 1

Initial management in hypovolaemic hyponatraemia

Answer 1

Isotonic saline

Question 2

Statin doses

Answer 2

Atrovastatin 20 mg for primary prevention

80 mg for secondary prevention

Question 3

ECG signs of hyperkalaemia

Answer 3

Broad QRS
Tall t waves
Small/flat p waves
Slurring of ST segment

Question 4

ECG signs of hypokalaemia

Answer 4

U waves - small deflection following T wave
Long QT
Prolonged PR

Question 5

Causes of raised ALP

Answer 5

Cholestasis, fatty liver, hepatitis 
Pagets 
Osteomalacia
Bone mets
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal failure 
Pregnancy 
Growing children

Question 6

Gene encoding for what is mutated in familial hypercholesterolaemia

Answer 6

LDL receptor

Question 7

Management of sIADH

Answer 7

Fluid restriction primarily

Question 8

Causes of hyperkalaemia

Answer 8

Renal failure
AKI
potassium sparing diuretics 
Rhabdomyolysis 
Metabolic acidosis 
Addison 
Burns
Muscle damage
Drugs - ACEi, heparin, ciclosporin,

Question 9

Non-urgent management of hyperkalaemia

Answer 9

Calcium resonium

Question 10

Ecg sign of hypocalcaemia

Answer 10

QT prolongation

Question 11

Tapping the parotid and facial muscle twitching occurring is a sign of what?

Answer 11

Hypocalcaemia

Question 12

Management of hypercalcaemia

Answer 12

Fluids (saline)

Followed by bisphosphanates

Question 13

Management of acute severe hyponatraemia (<120) with symptoms

Answer 13

Hypertonic saline

Question 14

Vitamin deficient in alcoholics

Answer 14

B1

Question 15

Indapamide is an example of what drug?

Answer 15

Thiazide

Question 16

Correction of hypernatraemia may lead to what

Answer 16

Cerebral oedema

Question 17

Hypokalaemia and hypertension differentials

Answer 17

Cushings
Conns- hyperaldosteronism
Renal artery stenosis

Question 18

Perioral paraesthesia, cramps, tenant and convulsions indicates which metabolic disturbance

Answer 18

Hypocalcaemia

Question 19

Headache, N+V, tired, confusion, muscle crakp, seizure indicate what metabolic disturbance?

Answer 19

Hyponatraemia

Question 20

What electrolyte can hypothyroidism cause

Answer 20

Euvolaemic hyponatraemia