Messenger Lipids Flashcards
Most common messenger lipids
Hormone
3 types of lipid based hormones
Steroid Hormones
Adrenocorticoid Hormones
Eicosanoids (not considered as true hormones)
Biochemical substances produced by a ductless gland that has a messenger function, serve as a means of communication between various tissues, and some of them are lipids
Hormones
The lipids that play the role of “chemical messengers” include:
Steroid hormone - Derivative of cholesterol
Eicosanoid - Derivative of fatty acids
two major classes of steroid hormones
Sex hormones - Control reproduction and secondary sex characteristics
Adrenocorticoid hormones - Regulate numerous biochemical processes in the body
three major subclasses of sex hormones
Estrogens—the female sex hormones
Androgens—the male sex hormones
Progestins—the pregnancy hormones
They are produces by the gonads and to some extent by the adrenal gland
sex hormones
Produced by the adrenal glands
Adrenocorticoid Hormone
___ Different hormones have been isolated from the
adrenal cortex
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Types of adrenocorticoid hormones
Mineralocorticoids - Control the balance of Na+ and K+ ions in cells
Glucocorticoids - Control glucose metabolism and counteract inflammation
Prime example of Mineralocorticoids in the body
Aldosterone - part on RAAS system which takes place if mababa ang blood pressure, mababa ang mineral/sodium/salt content of the body
RAAS - long term management for blood pressure
Eicosanoids
● Arachidonic acid (20:4) derivatives
● Have profound physiological effects at extremely
low concentrations
● Are hormone-like molecules
● Exert their effects in the tissues where they are
synthesized
● Usually have a very short “life”
Neurotransmitter travels in ___; Hormones travels in ___
Neurons; Blood Stream
____ does not travel in the blood; and the one that produces it is the one that also needs it
Eicosanoids
Three Types of Eicosanoids
Prostaglandin (PGE)
Thromboxane (TXA)
Leukotriene (LK)
Physiological Effects of Eicosanoids
Include mediation of:
- Inflammatory response
- Production of pain and fever
- Regulation of blood pressure
- Induction of blood clotting
- Control of reproductive functions, such as induction of labor
- Regulation of the sleep/wake cycle
Most commonly found eicosanoid
Prostaglandin
C20-fatty-acid derivative containing cyclopentane ring and oxygen-containing functional groups
Prostaglandin
Prostaglandin is involved in:
Raising body temperature
Inhibiting the secretion of gastric juices
Increasing the secretion of a protective mucus layer into the stomach
Relaxing and contracting smooth muscle
Directing water and electrolyte balance
Intensifying pain and enhancing inflammation responses
C20-fatty-acid derivative containing a cyclic ether ring and oxygen-containing functional groups
Thromboxane
Thromboxane promote ___
platelet aggregation
C2-fatty-acid derivative containing three conjugated double bonds and hydroxy groups
Leukotriene
Leukotriene promote ____
inflammatory and hypersensitivity (allergy) responses
