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Membrane Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

There are 3 Membrane Lipids, these are ___, ____, and ____.

A

Phospholipids
Glycerophospholipids
Cholesterol

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2
Q

Membrane Lipids

A

All cells are surrounded by a membrane that confines their contents

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3
Q

Up to ___ of the mass of a cell membrane can be lipid materials dominated by phospholipids

A

80%

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4
Q

Non-fatty acid containing membrane lipid

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

Fatty acid containing membrane lipid

A

Phospholipid and Glycerophospholipid

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6
Q

Phospholipid (Acidic Lipids)

A

Lipid that contains one or more fatty
acids, a phosphate group, a platform molecule to which the fatty acid(s) and the phosphate group are attached, and an alcohol that is attached to the phosphate group

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7
Q

Classification of phospholipid based on its backbone or platform molecule (Glycerophospholipid, Sphingophospholipid)

A

Glycerophospholipid - Backbone used is Glycerol

Sphingophospholipid - Backbone used is Sphingosine

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8
Q

Difference of phospholipid to triacylglycerol

A

Instead of having all ester as fatty acids, there is 1 fatty acid that is substitute to a phosphate group with an alcohol attached to the phosphate.

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9
Q

Most abundant Membrane Lipids

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

Glycerophospholipids

A

Lipids that contain two fatty acids and a phosphate group esterified to a glycerol molecule and an alcohol esterified to the phosphate group

All attachments (bonds) between groups are ester linkages

Contain four ester linkages when contrasted to three ester linkages in triacylglycerols

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11
Q

Undergo hydrolysis and saponification reactions in a manner similar to that for triacylglycerols

A

Glycerophospholipids

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12
Q

(GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS)

The alcohol attached to the phosphate group in a glycophospholipid is usually one of three amino alcohols:

A

Choline - Phosphatidylcholines or Lecithin (emulsion and SURFACTANT)

Ethanolamine - Phosphatidylethanolamines or Cefalin (important in blood clotting)

Serine - Phosphatidylserines (Important for cell apoptosis)

Cardio Lipid - diphosphatidyl glycerol (important in mitochondrial function; major lipid in mitochondria)

Plasmalogen - usually found in the brain and the heart; protects against reactive oxygen species; structurally resembles phosphatidyl ethanolamine

Phosphatidylinositol - (myoinositol bonds to phosphatidic acid)

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13
Q

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

Lecithin Deficiency

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14
Q

Different biochemical functions of Glycerophospholipids and Triacylglycerol

A

Triacylglycerols serve as energy-storage molecules and is stored inside the cells.

Glycerophospholipids function as components of cell membranes and is used by the cells for intracellular or intercellular communication.

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15
Q

A major structural difference between the two types of lipids is that of their “polarity”, which is responsible for their differing biochemical functions. Triacylglycerols are a ____ while Glycerophospholipids are ___

A

nonpolar(neutral lipids); polar(acidic lipids)

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16
Q

Sphingophospholipids

A

Structures based on the 18-carbon
monounsaturated aminodialcohol sphingosine

Contains one fatty acid and one phosphate group attached to a sphingosine molecule, and an alcohol attached to the phosphate group

Participate in hydrolysis and saponification
reaction

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17
Q

Ceramide

A

term to refer sphingosine + fatty acid

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18
Q

Ceramide + Phosphate and Alcohol

A

Sphingophospholipids

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19
Q

Sphingomyelin

A

Sphingophospholipids in which the alcohol
esterified to the phosphate group is choline

Found in all cell membranes and are important structural components of the myelin sheath of neurons

  • Contain sphingosine, a long-chain amino alcohol sphingosine
  • Found in plants and animals
  • Abundant in nervous system
  • Bares structural similarity to phospholipids
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20
Q

Ceramide + phosphorylcholine

A

Sphingomyelin

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21
Q

Sphingoglycolipids (can be refer to as glycolipid)

A

Contains both a fatty acid and a carbohydrate

component attached to a sphingosine molecule

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22
Q

Ceramide + carbohydrate

A

Sphingoglycolipids

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23
Q

Most common sphingolipid

A

glycolipid

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24
Q

Ceramide + Monosaccharide (carbohydrate)

A

cerebrosides

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25
Ceramide + disaccharide or oligosaccharide (carbohydrate)
Globosides
26
Ceramide + Polysaccharide with NaNA (carbohydrate) NaNA (N-Acetylneuraminic Acid)
Gangliosides
27
NaNA (N-Acetylneuraminic Acid)
a derivative of sialic acid - a 9C monosaccharides
28
Simplest sphingoglycolipid
Cerebrosides
29
Ceramide + Glucose
Glucocerebrosides or glucoside or cerebroglucoside or glucosylceromide
30
Ceramide + Galactose
31
Ceramide + Galactose
32
Ceramide + Galactose
a
33
Ceramide + Galactose
a
34
Ceramide + Glucose + Galactose + NaNA
GM3
34
Simplest Ganglioside
GM3
34
Derivative of GM3 and is a cholera toxin receptor
GM1
34
Ceramide + Galactose
Galactocerebrosides or Galactoside or cerebrogalactoside or galactosylceromide
35
Cerebrosides
Contain a single monosaccharide unit–either glucose or galactose Occur primarily in brain (7% of dry mass)
36
Gangliosides
Complex sphingoglycolipids Contain a branched chain of up to seven monosaccharide residues Occur in the gray matter of the brain as well as in the myelin sheath
37
A membrane lipid but also serves as a precursor for other steroid base molecules in the body, and found in all tissue, and cells of the body.
Cholesterol
38
Cholesterol is important in?
Important in human cell membranes, nerve tissue, and brain tissue Important in chemical synthesis of various hormones and vitamins essential for life
39
All steroid has a common structural feature, what it is?
Steroid Nucleus - CPPP (cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring)
40
Cholesterol is a carbon _____ steroid molecule and precursor for other steroid-based lipids
C27
41
Lipid whose structure is based on a fused-ring system of three 6-membered rings and one 5-membered ring
Steroid
42
Where is cholesterol synthesized?
Cholesterol is synthesized in the liver but in small extent it can be synthesized in the intestines
43
Cholesterol ingestion ____ biosynthetic | cholesterol production
decreases
44
Animal food contains ___ of cholesterol while Plant food contains ____ amounts of cholesterol
Lots; Negligible
45
Cholesterol is ____ (Lipophilic or Lipophobic)
Lipophilic or Hydrophobic
46
Cholesterol requires ____ to be distributed in the body
Lipoproteins
47
Spherical macromolecular complexes of lipids and proteins
Lipoproteins
48
Types of Lipoproteins
Chylomicron - (highest TAG, lowest Cholesterol) Very low density lipoprotein - (High TAG, Low Cholesterol) low density lipoprotein - (Low TAG, Highest Cholesterol) high density lipoprotein - (Lowest Tag, High Cholesterol) NOTE: this are the carrier molecules for molecules and triacylglycerol
49
A lipoprotein which distributes exogenous lipids from the liver to the body
Chylomicron
50
A lipoprotein which distributes the cholesterol made from the liver to the peripherals is the
Low density Lipoprotein
51
A lipoprotein which delivers the cholesterol from the peripheral to the liver for recycling or repurposing
High Density Lipoprotein
52
When low density lipoprotein reacts with the enzyme ___, which is found in the blood and hydrolyzes into ____, and further hydrolysis will turn it into very low density lipoproteins
lipases; Intermediate density lipoprotein which further
53
The ___ is the Bad Cholesterol while ___ is the Good Cholesterol
Low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein
54
Type of Lipoprotein Disorders
Type 1 - Familial hyperchylomicronemia Type 2A - Familial hypercholesterolemia Type 2B - Familial combined hyperlipidemia Type 3 - Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia Type 4 - Familial hypertriglyceridemia Type 5 - Familial mixed hypertriglyceridemia
55
A type of Lipoprotein Disorder which is high in chylomicrons
Type 1 - Familial hyperchylomicronemia
56
A type of Lipoprotein Disorder which is high in low density lipoprotein
Type 2A - Familial hypercholesterolemia
57
A type of Lipoprotein Disorder which is high in low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein
Type 2B - Familial combined hyperlipidemia
58
A type of Lipoprotein Disorder which is high in chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein
Type 3 - Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
59
A type of Lipoprotein Disorder which is high in very low density lipoprotein
Type 4 - Familial hypertriglyceridemia
60
A type of Lipoprotein Disorder which is high in chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein
Type 5 - Familial mixed hypertriglyceridemia

Biochemistry (7 decks)

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