Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > Fatty Acids > Flashcards

Fatty Acids Flashcards

short chain, number carbon saturated unsaturated

1
Q

Fatty Acids

A

Naturally occurring monocarboxylic acids with linear (unbranched) carbon chain

carboxylic acids with normally 6 carbon chain but in some instances can have 4 carbon chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classification of fatty acids based on chain length

A

Short-Chain (4-6)
Medium-Chain (8-10)
Long-chain (12-26)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Short-chain fatty acids

A

4-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Medium-chain fatty acids

A

8-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Long-chain fatty acids

A

12-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fatty acids can also be classified if they contain double bonds or not

A

Saturated - contains no double bond

Unsaturated - contains double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nomenclature of fatty acids can have 3 system

A

IUPAC
Common Name
Genevan System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fatty acids can be classified according to their chain length

A

Short-chain (4-6)
Medium-chain (8-10)
Long-chain (12-26)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Short-chain fatty acids

A

4-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Medium-chain fatty acids

A

8-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Long-chain fatty acids

A

12-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fatty acids can also be classified if they contain double bond or not

A

Saturated - does not contain double bond

Unsaturated - contains double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Saturated

A

All C-C bonds are single bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(nomenclature) Fatty acids can be named using 3 systems

A

IUPAC
Common Name
Genevan System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Naming of fatty acids based on common name

A 
6 carbons - Caproic
7 carbons - Enanthoic
8 carbons - Caprylic
9 carbons - Pelargonic
10 carbons - Capric
12 carbons - Lauric
14 carbons - Myristic
16 carbons -Palmitic
18 carbons - Stearic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Genevan System

A

Used to differentiate saturated and unsaturated acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Genevan System

A

Based on IUPAC name, just change the suffix

saturated -anoic acid
unsaturated -enoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Naturally Occurring Saturated Fatty Acids

A 
Lauric (12)
Myristic (14)
Palmitic (16)
Stearic (18)
Arachidic (20)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lauric Acid

A

12 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 44 ‘C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Myristic Acid

A

14 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 58 ‘C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Palmitic Acid

A

16 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 63 ‘C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stearic Acid

A

18 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 71 ‘C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Arachidic Acid

A

20 Carbon atoms

Melting point: 77 ‘C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In most unsaturated fatty acids, the ___ isomer predominates; the ___ isomer is rare.

A

Cis, Trans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids have ___ melting points than their saturated counterparts; the ___ the degree of unsaturation, the lower the melting point

A

lower; greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Naturally Occurring Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A 
Palmitoleic (16)
Oleic (18)
Linoleic (18)
Linolenic (18)
Arachidonic (20)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Palmitoleic Acid

A

16 Carbon Atoms
16:1 ^9 Degree of Unsaturation
Melting Point: -0.5 ‘C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Oleic Acid

A

18 Carbon Atoms
18:1 ^9 Degree of Unsaturation
Melting Point: 16 ‘C

30
Q

Linoleic Acid

A 
18 Carbon Atoms
18:2 ^9, 12 Degree of Unsaturation
Melting Point: -5 'C
Other Name: Omega 6
Function: Dietary precursor of prostaglandin (PGE)

Omega 6 is converted to Arachidonic Acid (eicosanoic acid) 20:4

31
Q

Linolenic Acid

A 
18 Carbon Atoms
18:3 ^9, 12, 15 Degree of Unsaturation
Melting Point: -11 'C
Other Name: Omega 3
Function: precursor of DHA and EPA

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA or Cervonic Acid): 22C:6double bonds

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA): 20:5

DHA and EPA are important for brain development

32
Q

Arachidonic Acid

A

20 Carbon Atoms
20:4 ^5, 8, 11, 14 Degree of Unsaturation
Melting Point: -50 ‘C

33
Q

Two Types of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

Monounsaturated Fatty Acid

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

34
Q

Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs)

A

Fatty acid with a carbon chain in which one carbon–carbon double bond is present

ALSO KNOWN AS monoethenoids or monoenoic acids

35
Q

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)

A

Fatty acids with a carbon chain in which two or more carbon–carbon double bonds are present

Up to six double bonds are found in biochemically important PUFAs

Also known as polyethenoids or polyenoic acids

36
Q

Double bond position in Unsat FA

A

For Delta: Numbering starts from the other –COOH
For Omega: Double bond count start from the other end of -COOH
Structural notation indicates number of C atoms

Example:
18:2 signifies that a fatty acid has 18 carbons with 2 double bonds

37
Q

Types of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

Omega (ω)-3 fatty acid

Omega (ω)-6 fatty acid

38
Q

Omega (ω)-3 fatty acid

A

Unsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond three carbon atoms away from its methyl end

Most common Source: Fishes, but not all fishes have the same concentration of Omega 3.

39
Q

Omega (ω)-6 fatty acid

A

Unsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond six carbon atoms away from its methyl end

40
Q

Examples of Eicosanoids

A

Prostaglandins (PGE)
Leukotriene (LK)
thromboxanes (TXA)

41
Q

(Water Solubility)
Short-chain fatty acids have some ____,
whereas long-chain fatty acids are ____

A

solubility; insoluble

42
Q

(Water Solubility)
Short-chain fatty acids are sparingly soluble
because of the presence of ____ group

A

Carboxylic

43
Q

As you increase chain length of Carbon the solubility in water is ___

A

Decreased

44
Q

As you increase chain length, melting point is ___

A

Increased

45
Q

Increase of Unsaturation ___ melting point

A

Decreases

46
Q

Kinks in FA chain

Number of “bends” in a fatty acid chain increases as the number of double bonds increases

A

Less packing occurs
Melting point is lower
Tend to be liquid at room temperature

47
Q

Most of unsaturated fatty acids will exist in ___ state at room temperature

A

Liquid

48
Q

With the notable exception of nerve cells, ___ cells store small amounts of energy-providing materials

A

Human

49
Q

Carbohydrate glycogen

A

Most widespread energy storage material present in small amounts

50
Q

Triacylglycerol (TAG)

A 
Major energy-storage material
An ester of glycerol with three fatty
acids.
Stored in adiposites or adipose cells.
Neutral lipids
Also known as triglyceride 
Hydrophobic and water insoluble; serves as the main storage form of lipid in human (adiposetissue).
51
Q

2 types of triacylglycerols

Simple triacylglycerol and Mixed triacylglycerol

A

Simple triacylglycerol: Triester formed from
the esterification if glycerol with three identical fatty acid molecules
Mixed triacylglycerol: Triester formed from the esterification of glycerol with more than one kind of fatty acid molecule

52
Q

Naturally occurring simple triacylglycerols are ___

A

Rare

53
Q

Fats (saturated fatty acids)

A

Predominantly Saturated
Solids or semisolids at room temperature
Source: Animals
known as saturated fatty acids because even though it is a mixture of triacylglycerol, the composition of the fatty acids are saturated.

54
Q

Oils (fixed oils or unsaturated fatty acids)

A

Predominantly unsaturated
Liquids at room temperature
Sources: Plants and fish oil
Like fats it is a mixture of triacylglycerol

55
Q

Pure oils and fats are ___, ___, and ____

A

colorless, odorless, and tasteless

56
Q

Difference with Glycogen and Triacylglycerol

A

Glycogen - easier to use in immediate energy release; takes up more space compared to TAGs.
Triacylglcerol - is for long term; amount of energy get in TAGs is higher compared to glycogen.

57
Q

Simple Triacylglycerol

A

Fatty Acids are identical
example:
All fatty acids have 18 carbon chain

58
Q

Mixed triacylglycerol

A

Contains more than one kind of fatty acid molecule
Example:
Fatty acid have 12,16,14 Carbon Chain

59
Q

Nations whose citizens have high dietary intakes of fats and oils tend to have higher incidences of ____

A

heart disease and certain types of cancers

pwede rin hypertension

60
Q

Good Fats

A

Monounsaturated

61
Q

Bad Fats

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

62
Q

Can be both good fat and bad fat

A

Polyunsaturated fats

63
Q

Current recommended amount for total fat intake in calories (in monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated, saturated)

A

15% - Monounsaturated fat
10% - Polyunsaturated
<10% - Saturated fats

64
Q

Can act as saturated fatty acid in a sense that they can pack together

A

Trans Fat (unsaturated)

65
Q

American diet is ___ in omega-6 fatty acids and ___ in omega-3 fatty acids

A

High; Deficient

66
Q

Omega 6 vs Omega 3

A

Too much Omega 6 increase higher risk for cardiovascular, obesity, atherosclerosis.

We can consider Omega 6 as bad but it is essential since it is a dietary precursor for prostaglandins.

67
Q

Cold water Fishes have high _____; Warm water Fishes have high ____

A

Omega 3; Omega 6

68
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

Fatty acids that must be obtained from dietary sources because they cannot be synthesized within the body

69
Q

Deficiency of Linoleic (Omega 6) and Linolenic Acid (Omega 3) Results in:

A

Skin redness
Infections and dehydration
Liver abnormalities

70
Q

(Fat and fatty acid composition in nuts)

Nuts have ___

A

Low amounts of saturated fatty acids

Also contain valuable antioxidant vitamins, minerals, and plant fiber protein

71
Q

Numerous studies now indicate that eating nuts can have a ____ effect against ___

A

strong protective effect; coronary heart disease

Biochemistry (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions