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Social Studies 9h > Mesopotamia 10 21 14 > Flashcards

Mesopotamia 10 21 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cataracts

A

Massive boulders that cause rapid-like river conditions (forbade people to sail across the upper Nile)

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2
Q

Menes

A

Egyptian kings before the pharaohs (the uniting of upper and lower Egypt)

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3
Q

Cuneiform

A

One of the first forms of writing (Sumerian writing)

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4
Q

Memphis

A

The capital of Upper Egypt (in the Old Kingdom)

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5
Q

Ziggurat

A

A massive, tiered, step pyramid-shaped (solid) structure. Located in the center of Mesopotamian cities, used for worship, and had stores around it

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6
Q

Dynasty

A

A series of rulers descending from one family line

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7
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A

One of the earliest works of literature. Included the tale of king Gilgamesh and the “flood story”

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8
Q

Sargon

A

Leader of the Akkadians when they invaded Sumer

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9
Q

Hammurabi

A

•Overtook the Sumerians around 1750bce•Created the Babylonian empire•famous for Hammurabi’s code: first laws to be written down

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10
Q

Irrigation

A

Manipulating the land to have water flow easier for agriculture

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11
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

Egyptian pictographic writing

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12
Q

Artisans

A

Workers skilled in trade but with handmade objects like art

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13
Q

City-State

A

•acted like an independent country•had the same culture but each ha their own government, rulers, warriors, patron god, etc•included whatever was in the city walls and surrounding farmland

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14
Q

Codified

A

To arrange laws or rules into a systematic code

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15
Q

Mohenjo-Daro

A

Ancient Indus Valley civilization, located in present day Pakistan along the Indus River

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16
Q

Nubia

A

One of the most important region along the Nile river; northern Sudan & southern Egypt

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17
Q

Elite

A

A group or class of people seen as having the greatest and influence within a society, especially because of their wealth/privilege

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18
Q

Vizier

A

The highest Egyptian officials who advised the Pharaoh

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19
Q

Surplus

A

More than what is needed

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20
Q

Metallurgy

A

The study of the properties of metals & their production/ purification

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21
Q

Sumer

A

Ancient region in southern Mesopotamia present day; extreme southeastern Iraq (and other countries)

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22
Q

Ur

A

The first Sumerian city in Mesopotamia, present day Iraq

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23
Q

Akkad

A

North of Sumer, ancient Babylonia

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24
Q

Pharaoh

A

Name of the Egyptian kings from the new kingdom onward

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25
Q

Papyrus

A

A swampy plant that grows standing in water, used to make a paper-like material that the Egyptians used to write on

26
Q

Indus River

A

One of Southern Asia’s longest rivers, runs through northern India and most of Pakistan

27
Q

Cotton

A

One of the most important vegetable fibers used for textiles

28
Q

Amulet

A

An object used as a charm, either to protect oneself, bring good luck or ward off evil

29
Q

Alluvial (fan)

A

a gently sloped cone of soil and rock debris deposited by a stream as it leaves a steep, narrow valley and enters a broad, relatively flat plain.

30
Q

Fertile Cresent

A

Fertile, agricultural and pastoral land creating a horseshoe (semicircle) in the middle east where the first early civilizations formed

31
Q

Scribe

A

People who wrote/ recorded written documents (were the only ones who knew how to read and write)

32
Q

Himalayas

A

A mountain range confining the northern Indian subcontinent

33
Q

Horus

A

One of the major deities of ancient Egypt

34
Q

Stylus

A

An instrument used for impressing marks (kind of like a quilted pen)

35
Q

Nile

A

The longest river in the world, runs through northeastern Africa and the middle of Egypt, empties out into the Mediterranean sea (fertile delta)

36
Q

Harappa

A

First ancient Indus River Valley civilization, present day Pakistan

37
Q

Pictograph

A

A picture or picture signs used for communication (writing)

38
Q

Anthropomorphic

A

Giving human qualities to beings that are not human, objects, or phenomena in nature (personification) ~Human animal hybrid gods

39
Q

Urban planning

A

The process of analyzing urban conditions, envisioning alternative urban futures, and designing/ implementing plans and policies to better manage the physical development of cities and urban regions

40
Q

Mummification

A

The process of preserving a human or animal body after death

41
Q

Tigris and Euphrates

A

In between these two middle eastern rivers was the flourishment of ancient Mesopotamian civilizations

42
Q

Patriarchy

A

A social system in which men have authority over women and children, and have more rights than women

43
Q

Semitic

A

Relating to a division of the Afro-Asiatic languages that includes Hebrew and Arabic.

44
Q

Jade

A

A hard gemstone that has been used for the carving of jewelry and small sculptures (since ancient times)

45
Q

Sewage System

A

A systematic way to carry out access waste (away from houses and towns), first invented by the Harrappan civilization

46
Q

Loess

A

a loose surface sediment originally formed by wind action; deposit of windblown, silty material.

47
Q

Oracle Bones

A

Inscribed animal bones which preserved the earliest example of Chinese writing

48
Q

Babylon

A

A city in ancient Mesopotamia located beside the Euphrates River (southwest Asia)

49
Q

Hindu Kush

A

A mountain range going through northern Pakistan and Afghanistan, the Khyber pass was the only way to access ancient India through these mountains

50
Q

Pyramid

A

A structure with triangular sides, rises to a peak from a square, etc. base, made by the Egyptians to bury their Pharaohs

51
Q

Huang He

A

Also called the Yellow River in northeastern China, vulnerable to flooding, yellowish from the loess

52
Q

Hierarchy

A

A group of people or things classified according to their rank or grade

53
Q

Thebes

A

Capital of ancient Egypt and the chief city of the south (Upper Egypt).

54
Q

Monsoon

A

Seasonal (dry/wet) winds that blow one way half of the year and the reverse way the other half of the year

55
Q

Ancient Seals

A

Died symbols or inscriptions indicating ownership, and the impression they make

56
Q

Anyang

A

The capital of the Shang dynasty in northern China

57
Q

Social mobility

A

Movement of people in social class

58
Q

Slave labor

A

People of captures/conquered lands are used to make public works

59
Q

“The Gift of the Nile”

A

The ancient Egyptians thought that the Nile was a blessing, they were thankful for their river in the middle of the desert and predictable flooding.

60
Q

Shang

A

Ancient Chinese dynasty from 1700-1027 bc., they had the first written records, terrace farming, sharp division between kings, nobles and peasants, elites, etc.

61
Q

Social Mobility

A

The ability to change your social status

Social Studies 9h (19 decks)

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