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Social Studies 9h > India > Flashcards

India Flashcards

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1
Q

Gupta Dynasty

A

Founder Chandra Gupta/based in Magadha/peace prosperity ideas/decentralized leadership/golden age science and math

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2
Q

What happens after the Mauryan Empire?

A

Division into many kingdoms (Xiongnu seize power and form Kusha Kingdom, Regional kingdom of Bactria

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3
Q

Ashoka

A

Grandson of Chandragupta, expanded empire all of India besides south/built roads/converts to Buddhism after gruesome battle of Kalinga/built stone pillars with Buddhist inscriptions in Sanskrit spread nonviolence

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4
Q

Education (guru)

A

Male studied the Hindu Vedas with a guru teacher to conduct religious family rituals or for professional reasons

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5
Q

Chandragupta Maurya

A

First emperor of first unified Mauryan Empire, drives out Greek Kingdom of Magadha, highly centralized/despotic tyranny/bureaucratic administrative system like Persia and China/spies/feared assassination/divided into provinces/Becomes Jain starves to death

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6
Q

Kingdom of Magadha

A

Most significant ruling kingdom after alexander

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7
Q

Kalidasa

A

Greatest Indian poet, wrote play Shakuntala

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8
Q

Astronomy

A

Solar calendar and round earh

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9
Q

Kautilya (Chanakya)

A

Chandragupta’s advisor of Brahmin caste who wrote Treatise on Material Gain or Arthashastra supporting royal power and against anarchy, rational law>sacred

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10
Q

Math

A

Zeros, decimals, and Pi

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11
Q

Pataliputra

A

Capital of Mauryan Empire

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12
Q

Gupta decline

A

Invasion of Xiongnu or “White Huns” smaller local kingdoms dominate until Mughal Empire (muslim)

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13
Q

Social caste system

A

Connected to hinduism (most popular religion) reincarnation MokshaBrahmin priestKshatriyas warriorVaishyas peasants/merchantsSudras common pplParias/unthought lea

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14
Q

Twice born

A

Privilege ceremony at puberty where young males initiated into adulthood to Indian society

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15
Q

Jati

A

Extended family or kinship group of a particular class each with its own economy/political function

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16
Q

Sati

A

Encouraged wife to die if husband dies bad woman rights

17
Q

Fa-Hsien

A

Chinese monk Buddhist travels to India and reports a golden age during Gupta dynasty

18
Q

Shift from Indus River to…

A

Ganges river

19
Q

Jainism

A

Mahavira, abandoned high class family to lead ascetic life, rejected caste

20
Q

Agricultural issues

A

Unpredictable climate/ monsoons, payed taxes or rent to landlords

21
Q

Copper and gold led to development of

A

Banking

22
Q

Ahimsa

A

Principle of extreme nonviolence, jainists swept earth, strained water etc to avoid killing insects

23
Q

Siddhartha Guatama

A

The Buddha, prince lived isolated life, left palace saw suffering, became monk, meditate under tree, enlightened

24
Q

4 Noble Truths

A

End suffering by ending material desires by following eight-fold

25
Q

Eight-fold path/ Middle Way

A

Changing the way u think and speak to follow the 4-noble truths/balance by rejecting ascetism and great wealth

26
Q

Boddhisatvas

A

Put nirvana on hold to help other enlighten

27
Q

Mahayana and Hinayana (Theravada) Buddhism

A

Mahayana is the newer development w/ god and Theravada is the original

28
Q

Bhagavad Gita (Mahabharata)

A

First epics written of dialouge between Arjuna and Krisha during civil war sets forward ethics of Dharma

29
Q

Stupa

A

Housed relics of Buddha

30
Q

How was Buddhism different from Brahmanism?

A

Denied existence ofIndividual soul/Atman and a material world through middle path, bodhi was wisdom of abandoning worldly cares, egalitarian (no class devision), all humans reach nirvana, no gods/ worshipping of Buddhas image after death, philosophy>religion, woman better treatment

31
Q

Rock chamber

A

Ashoka constructed to provide rooms to house monks/ wandering ascetics

32
Q

Symbols of Guatama

A

Not portrayed in human form…wheel of life, bodhi tree, and footprint

33
Q

Upanishads

A

Collection of sacred texts that form the foundation of Hindu religious thought

34
Q

Aryan

A

Chandragupta Maurya was one, indo European Ganges river group who conquered India from Alexander’s empire, influenced Hinduism/social class Varnas/Sanskrit

35
Q

Hinduism

A

Brahma: creator, Vishnu: protector, shiva: destroyer, remove bodily distractions goal, reincarnate cycle till enlightenment with moksha, dharma good karma

36
Q

Ramayana

A

Shorter epic of ruler Rama with religious/moral significance

37
Q

How was hinduism different from Buddhism?

A

Remove bodily distractions from life, (b=reach nirvana, expel illusion of existence) constant cycle of reincarnation until enlightenment follow dharma (b=reborn from karma until nirvana) extreme asceticism (b= “middle way” balance) priests and rituals

Social Studies 9h (19 decks)

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