MEP: Extra Flashcards
Who are considered as part of the risk group patients?
- children
- elderly individuals
- pregnant or breastfeeding women
- certain patient groups such as those from specific ethnic backgrounds
What does “Professional Judgment” entail in making decisions?
Professional Judgment involves
using accumulated knowledge and experience
to make informed decisions.
How should one approach identifying an ethical dilemma?
Identify the ethical dilemma by gathering all relevant information
such as facts, knowledge, laws, standards, good practice, and advice.
What factors should be considered during clinical checks?
Clinical checks should include reasoning and thinking about the patient’s
- characteristics
- medication regimen
- how the treatment will be administered
- how it will be monitored
Where should records of patient interactions be documented?
- patient’s medical record
- interventions record book
- handover record book
- prescription register
What aspects should be considered when taking medication histories?
adherence
non-daily medicines (e.g., reliever inhalers, weekly medications like MTX or Alendronic acid)
historical medicines
self-selected medicines (Prescription-only (P) or General Sales List (GSL)
herbal medications or complementary therapies
and recreational drugs.
How does a “just culture” contribute to safety in healthcare?
A “just culture”
promotes fairer accountability and a learning culture
by learning from mistakes rather than focusing on blame.
As part of a pharmacists CPD, what documents must they submit each year
Pharmacists will need to submit the following records:
four CPD entries, (at least two of which should be planned learning activities)
one reflective account
one peer discussion
How often does the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) advise pharmacists to reflect on their practice?
every month
What restrictions apply to the sale of Pseudoephedrine
Pharmacists should not supply more than 720mg of Pseudoephedrine
or sell it at the same time as ephedrine
potential misuse in the production of meth
What restrictions apply to the sale of Ephedrine?
Pharmacists should not supply more 180mg of Ephedrine
should not sell same time as pseudoephedrine
potential misuse in the production of meth
Can counter staff counsel and see pt suitability for emergency contraception?
never
pharmacist ONLY
for ethical reasons
What is the legal restriction for quantity of Aspirin to sell?
Not more than
100 non-effervescent tablets
to one person at any one time.
OTC meds containing codeine and dihydrocodeine must state WHAT on their labels/ PILS
‘can cause addiction’
‘for three days only’
What precautions apply to the use of certain medicines in children over 6
In children over 6
- antitussives
- expectorants
- nasal decongestants
- antihistamines
should not be used for longer than five days.
(i think on about cough mixtures)
< 6 these cant be given
What is the recommendation regarding Paracetamol and Ibuprofen use in children under five?
In children under five,
Paracetamol and Ibuprofen should not be used together
Ibuprofen should only be used if Paracetamol has proven ineffective (in this case you would stop para, then start ibu)
What are the essential details required on a prescription?
A prescription must include the
- signature
- address of the practitioner
- date (valid for 6 months, 28 days for controlled drugs)
- type of prescriber (name/qualification)
- name and address of the patient (not required for EEA Swiss)
- age if under 12 (not required for EEA Swiss).
Are prescriptions for Schedule 2/3 medicines repeatable?
No
prescriptions for Schedule 2/3 medicines are not repeatable
(however, prescriptions for Schedule 4/5 medicines are repeatable)
When should records in the Prescription Only Medicine (POM) register be made?
on the day of sale or supply
or the next day if impractical.
What medications cannot be prescribed by EEA prescribers?
EEA prescribers cannot prescribe Schedule 1, 2, or 3 Controlled Drugs (CDs).
EEA member state (EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) or Switzerland
What is a Patient Specific Direction (PSD)?
A PSD is a written instruction from a doctor, dentist, or other independent prescriber
or a medicine to be supplied or administered to a named patient after assessing that patient on an individual basis.
A Patient Specific Direction (PSD) is a written order from a healthcare provider, such as a doctor or dentist, to give a specific medicine to a particular patient after evaluating them individually.
What are the different ways medicines can be sold or supplied without a prescription?
Medicines can be sold or supplied without a prescription through
- PGDs (Patient Group Directions)
- PSDs (Patient Specific Directions)
- Emergency Supply
- Pandemic Exemptions
- Optometrist/Podiatrist Signed Orders
What is a Patient Group Direction (PGD)?
A PGD is a written direction
that allows the sale, supply, or administration of a medicine
by a named authorized healthcare professional
to a well-defined group of patients based on specified criteria.
When can an Emergency Supply be provided?
An Emergency Supply can be provided at the request of the patient
or at the request of the prescriber
following an immediate need assessment by the pharmacist
How soon must a prescription be recieved after an Emergency Supply?
within 72 hours by the prescriber after an Emergency Supply.
Which controlled drugs can be supplied under Emergency Supply regulations?
Only Schedule 4 and 5 Controlled Drugs (CDs) and Phenobarbital for epilepsy can be supplied under Emergency Supply regulations
excluding Schedule 1, 2, and 3 CDs unless it’s Phenobarbital for epilepsy and not prescribed by an EEA/Swiss doctor.
What are the maximum lengths of treatment for different types of medications under Emergency Supply?
Controlled Drugs (CDs) can be supplied for up to 5 days
Prescription Only Medicines (POMs) for up to 30 days
Insulin for the smallest unit (1)
Inhalers for the smallest unit (1)
Contraceptives for a full cycle (21 days)
and antibiotics for the smallest unit (e.g., 10 tablets).
How should Emergency Supply records be maintained?
Emergency Supply records should be entered into the POM Register on the day of supply or the next day if impractical
(including details such as the date, name of the medication, name of the patient supplied, and information about the emergency)
Can optometrists/ podiatrists write prescriptions for Prescription Only Medicines (POMs)?
Optometrists/ Opdiatrists cannot authorize supplies of POMs by writing prescriptions
unless they are additionally qualified as supplementary or independent prescribers.
How can certain POMs be supplied to registered optometrists or podiatrists?
Certain POMs can be supplied to registered optometrists or podiatrists in accordance with a signed order.
The medication should be labeled accordingly, the Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) must be supplied, and a record should be made in the POM register.
What is Isotretinoin used for?
Isotretinoin is a retinoid used to treat severe acne.
What is the Pregnancy Protection Programme (PPP) for Isotretinoin?
The PPP protects females at risk of pregnancy while taking Isotretinoin.
It is initiated under specialist supervision.
How long is a prescription for Isotretinoin valid?
7 days
When should a patient ideally do a pregnancy test in regards to their isotretinion scripts
doctor should get them to do one before issuing the prescription
pharmacy team should make sure pt has done pregancy test b4 dispensing med
Can Isotretinoin prescriptions be repeated, faxed, or given as free samples?
No, Isotretinoin prescriptions cannot be repeated, faxed, or given as free samples.
How should expiry dates be interpreted
Expiry dates indicate the last day a product should be used.
For example, “use before 06/2011” means it should not be used after May 31, 2011.
How should waste medicines be managed?
Waste medicines must be kept in a secure waste container in a designated area
preferably away from medicines that are fit for use.
Patient information must be destroyed or obscured.
What is considered good practice in medicine labelling?
It is good practice to include statements such as
‘Keep out of the reach and sight of children’ or
‘Use this medicine only on your skin’ where applicable.
When placing medicines into smaller plain box containers, include all the above information plus the expiry date and batch number.
What additional requirement is needed for emergency supply labels?
In addition to standard labelling requirements, the words ‘Emergency supply’ need to be added to the dispensing label for emergency supplies.
Can private prescriptions be repeated
Private prescriptions can be repeated;
if prescriber HAS NOT specified NUMBER of repeats but has wrote ‘repeat’ on the script
the script can be dispensed once more within 6 months
Oral contraceptives can be repeated up to five times (total of six repeats).
Schedule 2 and 3 controlled drugs cannot be repeated, but Schedule 4 and 5 can.
What are the record-keeping requirements for private prescriptions?
Record-keeping for private prescriptions includes
- prescriber and patient details (name and address)
- precription date
- supply date
- medication details (name, quantity, formulation, strength)
- and a copy of the private prescription if returned to the patient
Pharmacy supply details should be written on the original private prescription.
What is an advanced electronic signature according to the Human Medicines Regulations 2012?
An advanced electronic signature is uniquely linked to the signatory
capable of identifying the signatory, and created using means over which the signatory maintains sole control.
An advanced electronic signature is a digital signature that is uniquely connected to the person who signs it, can identify that person, and is made with tools that only the signer can control.
What costs are involved in the pricing of private prescriptions?
The full cost of the medicine, pharmacy mark-up, and doctor fee are included in the pricing of private prescriptions.
What are the requirements for a Patient Specific Direction (PSD) in hospital charts?
The requirements for a PSD include:
Patient Name
Address
Date of Birth (DOB)
Hospital number
Date
Signature of prescriber
Name/qualifications of prescriber
Address of practitioner
What additional considerations are necessary in hospital charts?
Additional considerations include allergies, weight, height, and Body Surface Area (BSA).
What information is required for PRN drugs in hospital charts?
For PRN drugs, the hospital chart must include the indication(s) (some drugs may have multiple indications) and the minimum dose interval.
What details are recorded in the Inpatient Prescribing and Administration Record Sheet?
The details recorded include:
- Drug (approved name)
- Date
- Route
- Dose
- Pharmacy
- Time
- Additional Information/Indication
- Frequency
- Route
- Dose
- Signature & Bleep
- Date Given by
How should Once Only and Pre Medication Drugs be recorded in hospital charts?
Once Only and Pre Medication Drugs should
- include the date
- drug (approved name)
- route
- dose
- time for administration
along with signatures of those involved in dispensing and administering.
What is the procedure for cancelling prescriptions in hospital charts?
To cancel prescriptions, the prescriber must sign and date the cancellation on the chart.
What are the requirements for Supplementary Prescription Sheets indicated in hospital charts?
Supplementary Prescription Sheets, if in use, should be indicated by ticking the appropriate boxes for categories
like Oral Anticoagulation, Sliding-Scale Insulin, Oxygen, and Syringe Driver
What are Approved Abbreviations used in hospital charts?
PO - By mouth
PR - Per Rectum
IV - Intravenous
INH - Inhalation
IM - Intramuscular
PV - Per Vagina
SC - Subcutaneously
TD - Transdermal
NG - Nasogastric
NJ - Nasojejunal
What information is required in a Signed Order for schools requesting medication?
A Signed Order for schools requesting medication should include
- the name of the school
- signature of the principal or head teacher
- product details (including spacer if relevant)
- strength (if relevant)
- purpose for which the product is required
- total quantity required
date not required