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3-Third semester > Mental health- substance abuse > Flashcards

Mental health- substance abuse Flashcards

1
Q

addiction is what

primary
involves what

A

“primary chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry

involves dopamine and glutamate in the pleasure pathway of the limbic system in the brain

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2
Q

types of addictions

A

alchohol

Gambling

Shopping

Sexual

Social Media/Internet

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3
Q

Addiction

what type
cycles
unable
unwilling

A

chronic medical condition

cycles of relapse and remission

unable to consistently abstain from substance

unwilling to recognize the extent of the ,addiction

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4
Q

Intoxication-

when what
considered

A

when people use a substance to excess

considered when they are high, drunk or under influence

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5
Q

Tolerance:

when
needs

A

when a person no longer responds to the substance the same way they used to- build up tolerance

needs more to get same result

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6
Q

Alcohol Dependence:

person
haves

A

person feels uncomfortable when they don’t have the substance-

haves cravings

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7
Q

Withdrawal-

set
the more intense the symptoms

A

set of symptoms when a person stops using The substance

the more intense the symptoms are, the more likely they are to start substance again

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8
Q

Co-dependence-

when
when someone is trying to quit->

A

when they rely on others to do things they could do themselves- like adls/ work

when someone is trying to quit its important to make sure they do as much as they can for themselves

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9
Q

Detoxification-

removing

A

removing the harmful substances from the body

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10
Q

What are the causes addiction?

A

Neurotransmitters decreased (dopamine, serotonin)

Genes account for approximately 50% of an individual’s risk of becoming addicted

Adverse childhood experiences are a major factor underlying addiction!

Environment / Social

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11
Q

cost of caring
it is important

Addiction is hard on the caregiver too!

A

Cost of caring for another person with an addiction is emotional, physical, and tiring

It is important to remain nonjudgmental.

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12
Q

You can develop compassion fatigue!

viewing addiction
failure to
need to see

Addiction is hard on the caregiver too!

A

Viewing addiction as a character weakness

Failure to identify readiness for change or failure to help because the belief that nothing will help

Need to see success stories if we always are seeing the patient’s rock bottom, we also need to see good outcomes.

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13
Q

Risk Factors with alcohol abuse

what gene
what gender
possible low levels of what

A

Gene associated with alcoholism and dependency

Females tend to drink less than males

Possible low levels of dopamine and serotonin

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14
Q

Risk Factors with alcohol abuse
Common factors:

hx of what

A

Hx of sexual/physical abuse

Hx of depression, anxiety, antisocial and dependent personalities

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15
Q

Risk Factors with alcohol abuse

what ethnicitys

what religion

A

caucasians , hispanics, African Americans

Roman Catholics

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16
Q

who drinks the least amount of alcohol

A

jewish and asian Americans

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17
Q

AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test)

what score indicates problem

Screening / Risk Assessments

A

Score of 7 or more (8 for men) = indicate problem

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18
Q

Alcohol Intoxication-what causes

large

can result in

A

large amounts of alcohol in a short amount of time

can result in death from emesis or body shutting down

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19
Q

Alcohol Intoxication-Signs and symptoms

inability
what skin
what rr
what skin
potential

A

inability to arouse pt

cool clammy skin

rr less then 10

cyanotic

potential emesis

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20
Q

Alcohol Intoxication Treatment-

do what if possible
induce
ac
vs how often

A

keep awake if possible

induce vomiting

activated charcoal

vs every 15 minutes

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21
Q

Alcohol Intoxication Treatment if in coma state/blacked out-

make sure
establish
iv
g l
what precautions
potential

A

make sure airway is clear

establish an airway

iv fluids

gastric lavage

seizure precautions

potential dialysis

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22
Q

Onset: alchohol withdrawal

A

Within a few hours (6 hours) after stopping

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23
Q

First sign is
how long after

alchohol withdrawal

A

: tremors shakes/ jitters-

6-8 hrs after alcohol cessation

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24
Q

s/s of alcohol withdrawal
a
lack
n
v
impaired

A

agitation

. Lack of appetite,

Nasua,

vomiting,

Impaired cognition

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25
Q

peak time in alcohol withdrawal

A

24-48 hrs after

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26
Q

monitor what in alcohol withdrawal

how long after

A

Monitor seizures

12-24 hrs after

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27
Q

alchohol withdraw

could lead to what condition in what time

a
lack
impaired

what 3 vs

A

DTI- medical emergency in first 72 hrs

agitation
lack of appetite
impaired cognition

increased bp/pulse/ temp

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28
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal initially watch for

x2

A

Seizures

Delirium tremens

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29
Q

nursing care alchohol withdrawal

use waht to asses
teat w/
t
do waht w hallucinations
take waht
/
decrease
nutrition->

A

Use CIWA scale to assess

treat w/ benzos

Telemetry

Hallucinations-orientate to reality

Vitals signs

Intake / Output

Decrease stimuli in environment

Nutrition-make sure getting all electrolytes

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30
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal – Delirium Tremens
manifested by:

altered
sympathetic
can progress to

A

altered mental status

sympathetic overdrive

, can progress to cardiovascular collapse

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31
Q

delirium tremems

is what
what morality rate
making what

A

medical emergency

with a high mortality rate,

making early recognition and treatment essential

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32
Q

Delirium peaks at

Alcohol Withdrawal – Delirium Tremens

A

2-3 (48-96 hours) days after cessation or reduction of intake and can last 2-3 days.

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33
Q

Manifestations- Alcohol Withdrawal – Delirium Tremens

hr
d
f
a
I
bp

A

tachycardia,

diaphoresis,

fever,

anxiety,

insomnia,

hypertension

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34
Q

Outcome – What is priority?

Alcohol Withdrawal – Delirium Tremens

A

–safety and getting back to baseline without injury

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35
Q

prevention of withdrawal delirium- benzos

what 3 meds-

A
  • diazapem,

chlodipazoxide,

lorazpaem

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36
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal Vitamin Deficiency
a
f
t

A

Albumin

Folic Acid

Thiamin

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37
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal Electrolyte deficiency

what 3

A

Hypokalemia

Mg

Ph

38
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal Other deficiencies:

lower
hypo

A

Lower T helper cell

Hypoglycemia

39
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal What food would be best?

A

fortified cereals

40
Q

Alcoholism rehabilitation programs

what program
what is goal

Alcohol long-term concerns

A

Alcoholics Anonymous meeting (AA) 12-step program

Goal: The patient is responsible for his or her own behavior

41
Q

Abstinence Medications- Disulfiram (Antabuse)-

prevents
cannot
pt will

Alcohol long-term concerns

A

Prevents breakdown of alcohol, diminishes cravings

Cannot have any product with alcohol (mouthwash)

Patient will get immediately ill if take any alcohol

42
Q

naltrexone

used for x2
opioid free for how long
nausea goes away after

A

used for-, relapse prevention

needs to be opiod free for 10 days

nausea goes away after 1 month

43
Q

acamprosate calcium

used for
begin taking when
s/e
contraindicated when

A

used for relapse prevention

begin taking on 5th day of abstinence

s/e-gi upset, dizziness, anxiety

contraindicated in renal impairment

44
Q

Stage 1 of transtherical model- pre contemplation

pt

A

pt needs help admitting thye have a problem

45
Q

Stage 2 of transtherical model- contemplation

admit

A

admit they have problem but wont commit to being done

46
Q

Stage 3 of trasntherical model-preparation
notices

A

notices family is affected and will commit to change behavior

47
Q

Stage 4 of transtherical–maintenance
ongoing

A

ongoing commitment to changing behavior- like Alcoholics anonymous

48
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (also called wet brain) Encephalopathy (Wernicke’s) – Thiamine deficient (malnutrition)

altered
what dysfunction
c
eyes

Alcohol long-term concerns

A

alerted gait,

vestibular dysfunction.

Confusion,

ocular motility abnormalities- nystagmus, gaze palsy)

49
Q

Alcohol long-term concerns-Erosive gastritis-

/
loss
b
b

may lead to x2

A

n/v
loss of appetite,
belching,
bloating

may lead to ulcers and bleeding

50
Q

Alcohol long-term concerns
Pancreatitis- pancreas damage,

what pain
n
v

in early stages what helps

A

ab pain, nausea, vomiting

in early stages- withdrawal can help///

51
Q

Alcohol long-term concerns
Pancreatitis- pancreas damage

chronically may result in

m
w
d

A

malnutrition,

wt loss,

diabetes

52
Q

Alcohol long-term concerns

Increase risk of

A

breast cancer

53
Q

Alcohol long-term concerns
Chronic Liver disease

b
b
p
j
a
e
wt
what vessels

A

bleeding,

bruising,

pruitis

, jaundice,

ascites,

edema,

wt loss,

spider like blood vessels

54
Q

Caffeine

most
is it official
effects start when

A

Most widely used

Not an official disorder

Effects start within 15 minutes

55
Q

Caffeine intoxication S/S Behavior symptoms,

r
n
e
a
speech

A

restlessness

nervousness

excitement

agitation

rambling speech

56
Q

Caffeine intoxication S/S Physical symptoms:

face
d
gi
msucle
hr
cardiac

A

flushed face,

diuresis,

GI disturbances,

muscle twitching

tachycardia,

cardiac arrhythmia

57
Q

CaffeineLethal overdose:

rare in what

more likely in what

A

rare in coffee and tea, more likely in energy drinks /

58
Q

CaffeineLethal overdose:
characterized by

f
hr
bp

A

fever,

tachcyardia/bradicaridia,

and hypretension followed by hypotension

59
Q

CaffeineLethal overdose:

extremely high can cause

A

seizures

death

60
Q

treatment for caffeine overdose

h
g l
a c

what if hr and what if bp

A

hydration

, gastric lavage

activated characoal,

beta blockers if tachycardia and vasopressors is bp

61
Q

CNS Stimulants: Nicotine
E cigs

dangerous for who
can buy where
abuse is

A

Dangerous for adolescences, gateway drug!

can buy online

abuse is high for self medication

62
Q

CNS Stimulants: Crack/Cocaine

How does it work?-

A

makes pt feel good about themselves

63
Q

CNS Stimulants: Crack/Cocaine
What are the signs of intoxication?

very
what pain

A

Very high paranoia about everything

chest pain,

64
Q

CNS Stimulants: Crack/Cocaine

Are there any medical uses for cocaine?

A

nose bleeds

65
Q

What is the most prescribed medication in the US?

A

–morphine codeine herion

OPIODS

66
Q

Opiates: Intoxication

what pulse/bp/rr
s
c
what pupils
what mood

A

Decreased pulse/ BP/ rr

Sedation

Calmness

Pinpoint pupils

withdrawn mood

67
Q

Opiates: Withdrawal

mood
and
d
muscle
f
I
r
puppilary
y

A

Mood dysphoria

Nausea and vomiting

Diarrhea

Muscle aches

Fever

Insomnia

Rhinorrhea (runny nose)

Pupillary dilation

Yawning

68
Q

Overdose- Opioids

un
slow
c
hypo
hypo

A

unresponsiveness,

slow respiration,

coma,

hypothermia,

hypotension

69
Q

treat opioid overdose with

A

with naloxone

70
Q

other treatments for opioid overdose

A

Suboxone (buprenorphine and naloxone)

Zubsolv

Methadone

71
Q

Medical uses for Marijuana

c
g
a
m
m

A

Chemotherapy associated nausea and anorexia

Glaucoma

AIDS

MS

Migraines

72
Q

Marijuana: Concerns:

what drug
not
long

A

Gateway drug

Not knowing what is in the drug, what it’s mixed with

Respiratory long-term effects

73
Q

Marijuana: Cannibas intoxication-

expeirence
see
time
motor skills

A

expeiernce brighter colors

, see new details,

time goes slower,

motor skills are impacter- don’t use machines,

74
Q

Marijuana:
2 of the following symtpms are needed for diagnosis of intoxication

what eyes
increased
mouth
hr

A
  • red eyes,

increased appetite,

dry mouth,

tachycardia

75
Q

Marijuana /Cannabis withdrawal- occurs after a week s/s are

I
a
a
a
r
what mood

A

irritbiltiy,

anger,

aggression,

anxiety,

restless

depressed mood/

76
Q

physical symptoms are

what pain
s
s
f
c
h

marijuana withdrawal

A

ab pain,

shakiness,

sweating,

fever,

chills

headache

77
Q

Marijuana Treatement is

A

absitence and support

78
Q

Methamphetamine medical use

A

ADHD

79
Q

Methamphetamine

homemade meth

A

meth and ice

80
Q

Methamphetamine Intoxication manifestations

A

Tachypnea, tachycardia

81
Q

Methamphetamine Long-term effects

A

can destroy lives- can age terribly

82
Q

Hallucinogens types

A

LSD, PCP, club drugs, mushrooms, ecstasy

83
Q

Hallucinogens Intoxication symptoms
Commonly seen in hallucinogens

p
impaired
de
de

A

-Paranoia

impaired judgment

depersonization

derealizatoion

84
Q

Hallucinogens- commonly see what

I
h
sy
prominent

A

illusions,

hallucinations,

synethesia(seeing sounds or hearing colors)-

prominent in this type of intoxication

85
Q

Hallucinogens

physical symtpms are

pupil
hr
s
p
vision
t
in

A

pupillary dilation,

tachycardia,

sweating,

palpations,

blurred visions,

tremor,

incoordination

86
Q

hallucinogens treatment

A

talking the pt down

87
Q

Inhalants Types

A

Gasoline
Whipping cream
Paint
Glues
Hair sprays

88
Q

Inhalants High doses/ intoxications causes

f
I
h
distorted

A

fearfulness,

illusions,

hallucinations

distorted body image

89
Q

Inhalants intoxication Physical symptoms

n
a
n
relfexes
d

A

nausea,

anorexia,

nystagmus,

depressed reflexes

diplopia

90
Q

Inhalants What are signs that someone is huffing?-

A

ring around face

91
Q

Inhalants can cause

A

Can cause brain damage!

92
Q

Teaching for other drugs

when do we start

how

A

kids before middle school and high school

education/ doing group activities/ giving kids positive coping mechanisms

3-Third semester (19 decks)

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