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3-Third semester > exam 4- cardiac 2 > Flashcards

exam 4- cardiac 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Heart Failure

what falls

what is leading risk factors x2

A

Cardiac Output falls in hf

Leading risk factor- heart disease and a past mi

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2
Q

Left sided heart failure- results in

what congestion
what output

A

pulmonary congestion

decreased cardiac output

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3
Q

s/s of early left sided heart failure

x2

A

fatigue

activity intolerance

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4
Q

s/s of late left sided heart failure

x6

A

syncope ,

dizziness,

dyspnea,

cough,

orthopnea

cynaosis

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5
Q

right sided heart failure

what becomes distended

where does blood back up

A

Right ventricle and atria become distended

Blood backs up to systemic supply

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6
Q

s/s of right sided heart failure

x2

A

depdedent edema

jvd- distended neck veins

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7
Q

Hemodynamic Monitoring

evaluates what function/ response

can be used for
not used to

A

evaluate cardiac and circulatory function
and response to interventions-

Can be used for blood sampling

but not to give medications

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8
Q

Hemodynamic Monitoring

placed where

monitors;
h
b
a p
c v p
p p
c o

A

catheter is placed into major blood vessel to monitor

.hr

.bp

.arterial pressure

.central venous pressure

Pulomary pressure

Cardiac output

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9
Q

Hemodynamic Monitoring

measures what

converts to what

put where

A

Measure pressure within a vessel

converts to an electrical waveform

Catheter is threaded into radial artery or vein

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10
Q

what is used to prevent clotting

what type

hemodynamic monitoring

A

IV fluids are used to prevent clotting

Normal Saline

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11
Q

allows direct continuous monitoring of

what 3 pressures

Intra-arterial pressure monitoring (Art Line)-

A

allows direct continuous monitoring of

systolic,
diastolic,
and mean arterial pressures

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12
Q

also draws

needs what

Intra-arterial pressure monitoring (Art Line)-

A

Can draw abg-

needs pressurized bag of saline that drips slowly but continually to get right reading

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13
Q

why is map looked at

degree
tissue
average

A

degree of tissue pressure,

tissue perfusion

or average pressure is arteries during cycle

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14
Q

what is map affected by

x4

A

blood volume

the ability of the heart to pump

vessel diameter

ability of heart to stretch

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15
Q

what is normal map

is less then 50 then what

if over 105 then what

A

70-90

  • if less then 50 then decreased tissue perfusion
  • if over 105 then there is increase in atherosclerotic vessels or fluid overload
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16
Q

Ways to find map-

A

cardiac output x svr

(systolic + 2x diastolic)/3

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17
Q

Venous Pressure Monitor- CVP-

monitors what

placed where

ends up where

A

monitors fluid balance of a pt

placed into jugular / subclavian vein

goes into superior vena cava or rt atrium

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18
Q

what is normal cvp

A

normal is 2-8 cm of h20

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19
Q

low cvp means

low
s
a
d

A

low fluid volume

shock

anemia

dehydration

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20
Q

high cvp means-

fluid
vaso
more
also seen in

A

fluid excess,

vasoconstriction,

more blood rushing back to heart,

also seen in cardiac tamponade

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21
Q

cardiac tamponade-

what is it

does waht

A

fluid is built up in pericardial sac

puts pressure on heart

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22
Q

Pulmonary Artery Pressure- Swanz-Ganz

evaluates what
Cath is lodged where

A

evaluates left ventricle and overall cardiac function

cath is lodged into pulmonary artery

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23
Q

has multiple lumens that takes pressure from

x3

Pulmonary Artery Pressure- Swanz-Ganz

A

right atria,

pulmonary artery

left ventricle

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24
Q

pressure increased with x2

Pulmonary Artery Pressure- Swanz-Ganz

A

left heart failure,

pulmonary congestgion

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25
Q

when is pressure decreased

Pulmonary Artery Pressure- Swanz-Ganz

A

pressure decreased with hypovolemia

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26
Q

normal pulmonary pressure

Pulmonary Artery Pressure- Swanz-Ganz

A

pulmonary pressure is 25/10

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27
Q

B
P
D
I
E

Potential Complications with hemodynamic monitoring devices

A

Bleeding

Pneumothorax-especially in ones that have central line ot heavy catheter that goes directly into heart

Dysrhythmias- irritates heart

Infection

Embolism

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28
Q

calibration-
measuring when
maintaining what
monitor what

nursing consideration with hemodynamic monitoring devices

A

Calibration- measure when in the right atria and in right place

Measuring between breathes

Maintain pressure in flush solution

Monitor trends- sharp changes may not be accurate

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29
Q

what checks placement
what technique
assess
removing line- pressure how long/ take what into consideration

nursing consideration with hemodynamic monitoring devices

A

CXR to check placement

Aseptic technique

Assess site

Removing line- apply pressure for 5-15 minutes and take any anticoagulants into consideration

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30
Q

Cardiac Transplantation

Criteria-

what age
likely for what

A

<65,

and is likely to have 1 year to live after

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31
Q

Surgical procedure-heart transplants

hypothermic- needs what to prevent what
may need
surgery can cause

A

Hypothermic –need to rewarm slowly after to prevent severe electrolyte shifts

May need permanent or temp pacemaker

Surgery can cause short term memory loss

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32
Q

post op concerns-heart transplants
Infection- put on

A

put on antibiotics

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33
Q

Concern for rejection- heart transplants

placed on
rejection how long after

post op concerns

A

placed on immunosuppressants

Rejection can happen immediate ot months later

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34
Q

post op concerns-Rejection s/s

x4

heart transplants

A

dyspnea,

fatigue,

edema

a fib

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35
Q

post op concerns-Denervation-

may have
put on

heart transplants

A

may have slow response to stress and activity-

put on anticoagulants and steroids after-

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36
Q

post op concerns-denervation

what therapy
complete
up to date
medical

heart transplants

A

cardiac therapy,

complete incentive spirometer

, stay up to date on vaccines

medical asepsis

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37
Q

post op concerns goal

heart transplants

A

Goal is to discharge pt home

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38
Q

Infective Endocarditis

is what
involves
is it contagious
stems from

A

Inflammation of endocardium-

Usually involves valves

Non contagious

Can stem from bacterial, fungal ot viral infections

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39
Q

can cause

often develops

Infective Endocarditis

A

Can cause sepsis

Often develops on previously damages heart

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40
Q

risk factors-Infective Endocarditis

c
disease
I
m
use
poor
past

A

congenital heart defects

heart disease

ischemia

mi

drug use

poor dental health,

past central line

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41
Q

Infective Endocarditis s/s

f
m
c
m
p
s h

A

fever over 101,5

Malaysia

Chills

Murmur

petechiae

Splinter hemorrhages- red or black lines on nail beds

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42
Q

Infective Endocarditis Complications-

e
p
h f
large
what clots

A

emboli,

petechiae,

heart failure,

large pe ,

renal/ cerebral clots

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43
Q

Infective Endocarditis Treatments-

long term- how long
sent home w
may need what

A

long term iv antibiotics- 2-8 weeks,

sent home with a picc line

, may need repair to damaged valves

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44
Q

Infective Endocarditis
Placed on antibiotics when

before what
before what

A

before dental appointments

before other surgeries if history of heart disease

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45
Q

Infective Endocarditis After discharge
its important to report

t
c
night
a
s

A

temp,

cough,

night sweats,

anorexia

sob

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46
Q

Myocarditis what is it

A

Inflammation of heart muscle

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47
Q

Myocarditis Causes include

I
what response
t
d

A
  • infection,

immune repsosne,

toxins

drugs

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48
Q

Myocarditis s/s asymptomic or

x3

A

Fever

fatigue

dyspnea

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49
Q

MyocarditisTreatments-

x4

A

antibiotics,

antivirals,

immunosuppressants

antiinflammatories

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50
Q

Pericarditis
what is it

A

Inflammation of pericardium

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51
Q

Causes of pericarditis

x3

A

cancer,

post mi injury,

renal failure

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52
Q

PericarditisS/S-

what respitory
what hr
pain when
what temp
f r

A

dyspnea,

tachycardia,

sharp pain w inspiration,

low grade fever,

friction rub,

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53
Q

Pericarditis tx
x2

A

antibiotics

anti-inflammatories

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54
Q

Pericardial Effusion- what is it

A

fluid around pericardial sac

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55
Q

Causes of pericardial effusion

worsening
impending

A

worsening of pericarditis

impeding heart contraction

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56
Q

Pericardial Effusion-

S/S- if fluid develops slow-

If fluid develops fast- x3

A

few s/s

cough, dyspnea, pain

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57
Q

Cardiac Tamponade-

what is it
is it severe

A

complication of pericarditis/percardial effusion

it is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY

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58
Q

Causes-Cardiac Tamponade

increased/prevents

every time heart pumps what happens

A

increased fluid or blood around their heart that prevents heart from pumping-

every time heart pumps, it fills up sac a little more and hart pumps less and less

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59
Q

S/S-Cardiac Tamponade-

paradoxical
heart sounds
d
hr
rr
j
decreased
bp

A

paradoxical pulses –hr will decrease with every inspiration

decreased/muffled heart sounds,

dyspnea,

tachycardia,

tachypnea,

jvd

decreased loc,

decreased bp

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60
Q

Treatment-Cardiac Tamponade-

emergent what
needle does what
iv fluids does what

A

emergent pericardiocentesis or pericardial window-

needle into sac to draw out fluid-

pt will require iv fluids to maintain bp and bv

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61
Q

Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

accumulation
is it severe

A

Accumulation of fluid in interstitial tissue and alveoli of lungs caused by heart failure

Medical emergency-requires immediate recognition or treatment

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62
Q

when can Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema develop

A

Can be developed after mi that causes heart failure

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63
Q

S/S- Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

x3

A

severe dyspnea,

orthopnea(sob when lying flat),

pink frothy sputum

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64
Q

Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

position where with what
does what
improves

Nursing care

A
  • position upright with legs dangling,

decreases the venous return,

improves breathing

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65
Q

Morphine-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

eases
decreased

A

eases breathing

, decreases anxiety

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66
Q

Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

does what
IV Diuretics

A

urinate out excess fluid

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67
Q

Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

why Oxygen-

A

maintain perufsion

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68
Q

Rheumatic Heart Fever

what is ir

A

Systemic inflammatory disease

69
Q

Rheumatic Heart Fever what Causes it

A

abnormal immune response to a strep infection- not usually a big deal

70
Q

Rheumatic Heart Fever Complication

A
  • rheumatic heart disease
71
Q

Rheumatic Heart Fever Risk factors-

x3

A

malnutrition ,

low social economy status,

genetic

72
Q

Rheumatic Heart Fever S/S-

what temp
pain x2
skin
hr

A

fever,

joint pain,

skin rash,

chest pain,

tachycardia

73
Q

Valve Diseases

interferes w

Two main types

A

Interferes with blood flow to and from the heart

two main types are stenosis and regurgitation

74
Q

Most common cause valve disorder

x2

A

is rhematic heart disease

congenial heart defect

75
Q

Stenosis is when

when valve
what sounds

Valve Diseases

A

when valve leaflets fuse and cannot open and close or become narrow and rigid

low pitched murmurs

76
Q

Regurgitation-

when valves
ends up

valve disorders

A

when valves open okay but do not close completely

ends up being backed up

77
Q

Mitral Stenosis

is what

obstructs what

A

Narrowing of mitral valve-

obstructs blood flow from left atria to left ventricle

78
Q

Mitral Stenosis Causes-

x2

A

rheumatic fever

endocarditis

79
Q

Mitral Stenosis S/S-

d
h
severe
c
m

A

dyspnea w excerption,

hemaptosis,

severe jvd,

crackles

murmur

80
Q

Mitral Stenosis Complications-

what happens
increase
increase
pt can experience

why might women not know

A

is backup of fluid into pulmonary system which

increase pressure

increases ascites//

pt can experience clots-

women may not know that they have this until they are pregnant

81
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

what happens/where
what dilates
causes what

in some cases what w what

A

Blood backflows into left atria-

left atria dilates

causes increased preload

in some case heart failure w pulmonary congestion and edema

82
Q

Mitral Regurgitation Causes

x2

A
  • mi

rhematic heart disease

83
Q

Mitral Regurgitation S/S-

x4
what murmur

A

fatigue,

weakness,

dyspnea on excertion,

edema,

high pitched murmur

84
Q

Mitral Prolapse

Benign- more common in who

A
  • more common in women then men
85
Q

Mitral Prolapse
Can be asymptomatic but pt can have signs of

x2
what murmur

A

-
Atypical chest pain

Dizziness

High pitched clicking murmur

86
Q

Aortic Stenosis

does what
more common in who

A

Obstructs blood flow from left ventricle to aorta

More common in males

87
Q

Aortic Stenosis Causes
x3

A
  • rhermatic heart disease,

aging

congenital defects

88
Q

Aortic Stenosis S/S-

x4
what pulses

A

dyspnea,

syncopy,

orthopenia,

murmur,

decreased pedal pulses

89
Q

Aortic regurgitation/ insufficiency

what happens
what does that increase

A

Blood flows back into left ventricle from aorta

Increases work load of heart

90
Q

Aortic regurgitation/ insufficiency Causes-

x3

A

trauma,

congesintal diseases,

rheumatic heart disease

91
Q

Aortic regurgitation/ insufficiency

S/S-
can be asymtpmatic

d
f
angina when
p
t h
what murmur

A

dyspnea on excretion,

fatigue,

angina at night,

palpitations,

throbbing head,

blowing murmur

92
Q

Tricuspid Stenosis

obstructs what

A

Obstructs blood flow from right atria to right ventricle-

93
Q

Tricuspid Stenosis Causes

x2

A
  • rhemaitic heart disease,

iv drug use

94
Q

Tricuspid Stenosis S/S-

what cvp
x2
what murmur

A

increased cvp

, jvd,

fatigue,

low pitched murmur

95
Q

Tricuspid Regurgitation

what happens

A

Blood flows back into right atria leading to right heart failure

96
Q

S/S- tricuspid regurgitation

increased
d
what co
what dysrthmia

A

increased venous congestion,

dyspnea,

low cardiac output,

a fib

97
Q

Pulmonic Stenosis

obstructs what

A

Obstructs blood flow from right ventricle to lungs-

98
Q

Pulmonic Stenosis S/S-

d
f
e
a
h m

A

dyspnea on exertion,

fatigue,

edema,

ascites,

heart murmur

99
Q

Pulmonic Regurgitation

blood flows where

decreasing

leading to

A

Blood flows back to right ventricle,

decreasing blood flow to lungs

Leads to right sided heart failure

100
Q

Pulmonic Regurgitation

s/s

x2
what murmur

A

jvd,

dependent edema,

high pitched blowing murmur,

101
Q

Pulmonic Regurgitation

Can be caused by

A

endocarditis

102
Q

digoxin
increases

Treatment for Valve Disorders

A
  • increased force of contraction
103
Q

Diuretics
decreases

Treatment for Valve Disorders

A
  • decrease fluid volume
104
Q

Ace inhibitors-
decreases

Treatment for Valve Disorders

A

decrease preload and afterload

105
Q

Vasodilators
decreases

Treatment for Valve Disorders

A
  • decrease afterload
106
Q

Anticoagulant
prevent

Treatment for Valve Disorders

A
  • prevent thrombi and emboli
107
Q

Percutaneous balloon valvotomy-

ballon placed wher
enlarged how long
used to treat
treatment of choice when

Treatment for Valve Disorders

A

Ballon is placed into valve

enlarged for 90 seconds to enlarge opening

Used to treat stenois valves

Treatment of choice in old pateints and those who are poor surgical candiates

108
Q

Valvuloplasty-

re

does what( repairs / removes/ patches)

Surgical Treatment for Valve Disorders

A

Reconstruction or repair of the valves

does what
Repairs floppy valves,

removes excess tissuess

patches holes

109
Q

natural Valve replacement

what types
decreases risk
can last

Treatment for Valve Disorders

A

porcine, bovine or cadaver-

decrease risk of clots

can last up to 15 yrs

110
Q

mechanical Valve replacement

lasts
risk
requires

Treatment for Valve Disorders

A

last longer then natural

risk for clots-

requires anticoagulation for rest of life

111
Q

mechanical valve replacement

used when :
life expectancy
pt can be

A

Used when pts life expectancy is greater then 10 yrs

pt can be anticoagualted

112
Q

Post-op Nursing Care valve disorders

avoid what
for how long
need to take

A

Pt avoid dental procedures 6 months after procedure-

need to take prophylactic antibiotics before dentists

113
Q

Cardiomyopathy

disorder
makes

A

Disorder of heart muscle-

Makes a poor pump

114
Q

what causes Cardiomyopathy

x4
what bp
what damage

A

Drugs

Etoh

Infection

Toxins

Hypertension

Damage from past mi

115
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy S/S-

heart x3

others x3

A

enlarged heart,

heart failure,

additional heart sounds

dysrtyhmias,

sob,

fatigue,

116
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Treatment

may require
may require

A

-may require defibrillator dt dysrymtias,

may require heart trasnplant

117
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

is what

A

Enlarged heart muscle

118
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy S/S-

x3

A

dyspnea,

syncope,

dysrtymias

119
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Treatment-

c
a
b
b t
possible
possible

A

calcium channel blockers,

antiarymics

beta blockers,

blood thinners
,

possible pacemaker,

possible surgical removal ,

120
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

what walls
cannot

A

rigid walls

cannot receive a new heart

121
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy S/S-

x2
what heart failure

A

dyspnea,

fatigure,

right heart failure

122
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Tx-

managing
what restriction

A

managing heart failure,

exercise restriction,

123
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Tx-meds

d
a
b
a
v

A

digoxin

ace inhibitors,

beta blcokers,

anticoagulatns

vasodialters,

124
Q

Aortic Aneurysm

abnormal
most common in who
major risk factor-

A

Abnormal dilation and weakening of blood vessels

Most common in men over 50

risk factor- hypertension

125
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm- Causes

increased
decreased
can be caused by

A

-increased pressure of distending aorta and other organs,

decreased blood flow to heart, brain, and upper body,

can be caused by hypertension

126
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurysm- S/S

what pain
other x3
what edema x2

A

back pain,

stridor,

hoarseness,

jvd

facial or neck edema,

127
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Causes-

what age
s

A

increased age, greated then 70

smoker

128
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm S/S-

what pain

pulse where
what in abdomen
what abdimen size

c
what pain in extremities
cyanosis where

A

lumbar pain,

pulse in abdomen

, bruit in abdomen,

increasing abdominal size,

claudication,

ischemic pain in extremities

cyanosis in extremities

129
Q

dont do what in Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Do not palpate pulsating mass- needs to be reported

130
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysm

check
decreased

A

Check pedal pulses,

decreased blood flow to lower extremities, before and after repair

131
Q

Aortic dissection-

is what
dt what

A

tearing of a blood vessel

dt weakned area

132
Q

Aortic dissection- what causes

x2

A

-hypertension/

trauma

133
Q

Aortic dissection- s/s

what pain
what pulses where
s

A

severe back pain- like knife twisting

, absent or weaken pulses in upper extremities,

syncope

134
Q

Treatments aortic dissection

what med is main one

lower hr/bp

what indefinitely

A

beta blockers-hr

ccb- -bp

anticoagulants indef

135
Q

when surgery aortic dissection

if
aneurysms what size

A

if systematic

aneurysm is greater then 5-6 cms-

136
Q

2 types of surgery aortic dissection / aneurysm

graft placed where
stent placed where

A

graft placed outside to strengthen exterior wall,

stent is placed inside the vessel through femoral

137
Q

b
stay
no
what med
m

Care of a Client With Suspected Aneurysm

A

Bedrest

stay Calm

No straining

Beta blockers

Monitoring

138
Q

Care of a Client With Suspected Aneurysm examination

A

-vs, pulses, skin color and
temp, assess for
abdominal masses that pulsate

139
Q

pediatric chf s/s early

what easily
wt
hr
rr
i

A

tiring easily,

wt loss or no wt gain,

tachycardia,

tachypnea,

irritablity

140
Q

pediatric chf s/s later

n f
r
c

A

nasal flaring,

retractions

cough

141
Q

Pediatric CHF Diagnosis-

obtain
c
e
e

A

obtain vs, lung sounds,

chest xray,

echocardiogram,

ecg

142
Q

Goal of Treatment for Pediatric CHF

A

Make heart work more effectively by decreasing workload

143
Q

Medications- pediatric CHF

d
a
b
d

A

digoxin,

ace inhibitors,

beta blockers,

diuretics

144
Q

Nursing Care for Pediatric CHF

o
r
n
support

A

Oxygen-

Rest

nutrition- small frequent high calorie feeding

Support to family

145
Q

Nursing Care for Pediatric CHF
monitor

w
e
what level
what vs

A

weight

Electrolytes

Digoxin level- digoxin toxicity

Heart rate-should be held at a higher rate then adults

146
Q

Congenital Heart Disease

develops when in peds

A

Usually develops during first 8 weeks of gestation

147
Q

Causes congenital heart disease

g
d
can be from mothers->

A

genetics,

/down syndrome,

or can be from mothers-smoking, etoh, lithium use of dilatin or infection, advanced maternal age and diabetic mother

148
Q

early detection congenital heart disease pediatric

what affected at birth
inc/dec
can disrupt
will have what in first few days

A

sp02 affected at birth

increased/decreased pulmonary blood flow

can disrupt blood flow to systemic supply

will have life threatening symptoms in first few days of life

149
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus- PDA in peds

opening where

ends up w

A

opening between aorta and pulmonary artery

ends up w mixture of atrial and venous blood in pulmonary arteries

150
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus- PDA
s/s

d
t
t
waht pulses
what murmur

A

dyspnea,

tachycardia,

tacypena,

bounding pulses

grinding machine murmur

151
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus- PDA

Treatment-
iv what
what may be considered
many do what

A

iv idolmethacin- can stimulate closure in premature pts,

surgical closure may be considered if experiencing chf symtpms,

many close on their own

152
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

what is it

A

Shunting of blood from left to right

153
Q

Atrial Septal DEfect

what in young children
what in older children

A

Usaly no s.s in young children

older children may develop chf

154
Q

Atrial Septal defect tx

what by 4

if s/s of chf-require what

A

spontaneous closure by 4

Is s/s of chf then they require closure surgery

155
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

hole where

s/s

A

hole between ventricle so blood mixes

s.s- chf

156
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect
Tx

most close by when
or need what

A

-most close by 6 months,

or need patch that is done through vessel

157
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

4

decreased

A

4 separate defects- pumonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect and overriding aorta

Decrased pulmonary blood flow

158
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

h
c
poor
__fingers
toddlers do what
will see what lab

A

hypoxia,

cynosis,

poor growth

, clubbing of fingers

Toddlers will squat

Will see polycythemia- decrease o2 and increase rbc production

159
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot Tx-

keep
admisnter
put

A

keep child calm,
Administer 02,

put knees to chest

160
Q

Aortic Stenosis in peds

narrowed
causes

A

Narrowed aortic valve-

causes decreased blood flow to systemic system

161
Q

Aortic Stenosis in peds S/S- can be asymptomatic, or can have symptoms of a

m
narrow
weak

A

murmur,

narrow pulse pressure,

weakned pulses

162
Q

Aortic Stenosis in peds Tx-

x2

A

balloon dilation

valve replacement

163
Q

Coarctation of Aorta in peds

narrowing

A

Narrowing of descending aorta

164
Q

Coarctation of Aorta in peds S/S-

m
c
h
what pulses

A

murmur,

chf,

hypotension,

weakened lower extremity pulses

165
Q

Coarctation of Aorta in peds
Tx-

x2

A

balloon dilation

surgery

166
Q

Nutrition
high
high
small
dont nurse longer then how long

Home Care for Infants Awaiting Surgery

A

-high calorie,

high concertation,

small feedings

Nurse no longer then 30 minute because they cannot breath and infant puts a lot of effort into eating

167
Q

Home Care for Infants Awaiting Surgery

Prevent infection- dont do what

A

-don’t expose to crowds,

168
Q

Home Care for Infants Awaiting Surgery
Rest

A

-need to rest a lot as infant

3-Third semester (19 decks)

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