Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YR3 Core Conditions > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Types of depressive disorder

A

Major: >= 5 symptoms
Minor: 2-4 symptoms
Persistent: 2 years of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epidemiology and depression

A

Leading cause of disability and premature death in 18-44o

2:1 F:M ratio

20% of adults will require medical intervention at some point in their life

2-3x more likely to become depressed if a first degree relative has it

First onset most common in 18-24yo and >65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathophysiology of depression

A

Abdnormal levels of neurotransmitter + dysregulation of HPA + abnormalities of secondary messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Methods for screening depression

A

PHQ-2 which may lead to PHQ-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk factors for depression

A 
Aged >65
Postnatal
Female
Coritcosteroid use
Propranolol use
1st degree relative affected
Poor lifestyle
Oral contraception
Co-existing medical conditions which may make you sad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical presentation of someone with depression

A 
Low mood
Weight change
Libido change
Anhedonia
Functional impairment
Sleep disturbance
Low energy
Excessive guilt
Suicidal thoughts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Investigations to consider in depression

A

Bloods: TFTs, FBC, U+E

PHQ2/9 + other questionnaires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Management of depression

A

If severe: hospitalise + refer + 2nd or 3rd get antidepressants i.e. SSRIs or SNRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of general anxiety disorder

A

> =6 months of excessive worry about everyday issues that are disproportionate to any inherent risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms for anxiety disorder

A 
Excessive worry
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance
Fatigue
Restlessness
Poor concentration
Irritability
Anxiety not confined to any other condition or substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Investigations to consider in anxiety

A

Usually made from clinical picture
TFTs
FBC
Urine drug screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Management of anxiety disorder

A

1st: Pharmacotherapy w/ SSRI / SNRI or tricyclic if others are CI
2nd: CBT
3rd: Augmented treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is alcohol use disorder

A

Chronic relapsing condition resulting from multifactorial components, characterised by increased tolerance to the effects of alcohol and impaired control over consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epidemiology of alcohol use disorder

A

Common
7-12% prev. in west
M:F 2:1
3.2% of global deaths due to alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder

A

Increased use of alcohol sensitises dopaminergic pathway = dependance

Long term exposure increases excitatory receptors and noradrenaline activity

Withdrawal of alcohol leaves excitatory receptors unposed = symptoms of withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Risk factors for alcohol use disorder

A 
\+ve FHx
Anxiety
Lack of facial flushing on consumption of alcohol
Antisocial behaviour
Low response to effects of alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical presentation of someone with alcohol use disorder

A 
Withdrawal symptoms
Tolerance established
Change in liver size
Jaundice
Acsites
Nictoine dependance
Hyper tension and tachycardia
Broad gait
Social/pysch problems
Impaired nutritional status 
Nausea and vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Investigations to consider in alcohol use disroder

A

Diagnostic interview with DSM-5
Alcohol level blood test
Withdrawal assessment

19
Q

Management of an acute presentation of alcohol use with severe withdrawal

A

Detox
Supportive medical care
Inpatient speciality treatment

20
Q

Management of a problematic alcohol abuse with mild dependance

A

Physician advice + brief interventions

21
Q

Moderate to severe dependance on alcohol: management

A

Psychological intervention + medication to prevent relapse and support abstinence i.e. Naltrexone

22
Q

What is alzheimers?

A

A chronic, neurodegenerative disease, with insidious onset and progressively slow decline.

23
Q

Which is the most common form of dementia?

A

Alzheimers

24
Q

What are some epidemiological facts RE AD

A

Common
6% >65yo
30% > 90yo
Occurs more commonly in women and blacks

25
Q

Aetiology of AD

A

Amyloid theory currently prevails

Excess amyloid peptide = formation of plaques = inflammation = synaptic and neuritic injury and cell death

26
Q

Pathophysiology of AD

A

Cortical atrophy apparent in the temp., frontal and parietal areas only
Plaques and neurofib. tangles found on autopsy

27
Q

Screening method for AD

A

MMSE

28
Q

Risk factors for AD

A 
Increased age
\+ve FHx
Genetics (presenelin 1/2)
Downs
CVD
Hyperlipidemia
29
Q

Clinical presentation of AD

A 
Memory loss
disorientation 
misplacing items
getting lost
dysphasia
apathy
personality change
mood change
dyspraxia
30
Q

Investigations in AD

A 
Bedside cognitive testing
FBC to rule out anaemia
Metabolic panel to rule out metabolic dementia
B12
CT/MRI
31
Q

Management of AD

A
  1. support
  2. environmental control
  3. cholinesterase inhibitors
32
Q

What is vascular dementia

A

Chronic progressive disorder of the brain, brining about cognitive impairment, where cognitive function is affected more than memory

33
Q

Epidemiology of vascular dementia

A

2-% of all dementias
Men more affected than women
Asians/Blacks > Whites

34
Q

Causes of vascular dementia

A

Often multifactorial

  • infarction
  • disease of the white matter
  • haemorrhage
  • AD
35
Q

Risk factors for vascular dementia

A

Age >60
Obesoty
HTN
Smoker

36
Q

Investigations in vascular dementia

A 
FBC
ESR
Glucose
LFTs
Renal
Syph. serology
B12
Folate
Thyroid
CT/MRI
ECG
37
Q

Clinical presentation of vascular dementia

A 
Inability to solve problems
Loss of interest
Slower processing
Poor attention
Memory retrieval difficulty
38
Q

Management of vascular dementia

A

Treat any underlying cause or predisposing factors

39
Q

Clinical presentation of Lewy Body Dementia

A 
Visible hallucinations
Extrapyrmaidal signs
Depression
cognitive impairment
Antipsychotic sensitivity
40
Q

Management of Lewy Body dementia

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

41
Q

Causes of Delerium

A

DELIRIUMS

Drugs
Eyes/ears and other sensory deficits
Low O2
Infection
Retention
Ictal
Under hydration/nutrition
Metabolic
Subdural haemorrhage
42
Q

management of delirium

A

Correct the initial cause

43
Q

What is delirium?

A

Acute, fluctuating change in mental status with inattention, disorganised thinking, and levels of consciousness

44
Q

Clinical presentation of delirium

A 
Disorentiation to time, place and person
Reversal of sleep wake cycle
Labile mood
Illusions, delusions and hallucinations 
Cognitive impairment

YR3 Core Conditions (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions