mental health

Question 1

developmental cascade model

Answer 1

• early experiences and behaviors influence later development through ‘cascades’
• eg. early life trauma –> externalized behavior (social anxiety. )
• the model suggests that early experiences set the stage for subsequent development processes.

Question 2

heterotypic continuity

Answer 2

anxiety early onset may predict later on set depression

Question 3

homotypic

Answer 3

early on set depression may predict later depression.

Question 4

cumulative effects

Answer 4

model emphasizes that early experiences have cumulative effects on development- early life trauma= exposure to chronic stress which can de regulate biological systems, and lead to behavioral problems which can lead to social problems that manifest as a withdrawal from social situations and later social anxiety.

Question 5

Mediators

Answer 5

the way an IV impacts a DV- use to talk about mechanisms or underpinnings, the mediators is part of a casual pathway in can effect, so it tells you why an effect takes place. Development is really cool for studying mediators because there are very few causal things we can study in psychology (we usually study correlations), but with development we have time to look at affects.

Question 6

moderator

Answer 6

Influences the level, direction or the presence of a relationship between variables, so it shows you to whom, when and what circumstances a relationship will hold
- - For example: temperament eg. Calm and stable, parents may then choose to take abuse on sibling which buffers the trauma

Question 7

two key facets

Answer 7

• resilience and vulnerability
  -Some individuals may be more susceptible to challenges, but resilience could buffer these traumas

Question 8

implications for intervention

Answer 8

• Targeted interventions= aimed at mitigating risk factors and promoting protective factors early in development can have a cascading effect later on.
• Even though the model says that bad things that happen early can have affects later on, it also says that factors early on can have good affects.

Question 9

crit of cascade model

Answer 9

• doesn’t take into account indv differences

Question 10

Wellbeing

Answer 10

multifaceted concept encompassing various aspects of an individuals life and functioning

Question 11

Reappraisal:

Answer 11

we cognitively change what has happened in a circumstance to change how we feel about a situation.

Question 12

Emotional development plays an important role when shaping general wellbeing across the lifespan through various mechanism:

Answer 12

• Self-awareness and self-understanding - this is what emotional development fosters. It enables individuals to recognize label and understand their own emotions. This self-awareness allows them to identify their needs and preferences and values.
• It’s essential for making divisions and pursuing goals, and can contribute to greater self-confidence, self-acceptance and overall psychological wellbeing. So, things which develop early childhood has an effect on wellbeing later on

Question 13

Emotional development:

Answer 13

requires effective emotional regulation skills which are crucial for managing stress which we all experience and need to face in order to maintain psych balance.

Question 14

pathways of development (she’s a long one)

Answer 14

1. stable adaptation- this one is good nothings really changing: consistent and enduring positive functioning over time- demonstrate a relatively stable pattern of positive adjustment, resilience and psychological wellbeing across different stages of development - means they show resilience in the face of difficulty
   
   2. Stable maladaptation- this one is bad nothing is really changing- this is consistent and enduring dysfunction over time.
   3. Reversal adaption- this involves a significant shift or change in an individuals developmental trajectory- we see that a child was doing poorly early in life and then began improving and this can happen when something impactful occurs during a sensitive stage of development. We think of development as linear but there are pockets of development which open up opportunity for change depending on their period. Early life trauma sending them on a downward trajectory, but an opportunity opened up which shifted their trajectory
      - Decline of adaption: it was good and now its bad- individual isn’t able to deploy sufficient coping skills to display resilience- eg cant cope w parent death
      - Temporal maladaptation- V shape - developmental pathway which involves delays, mismatched and disruptions in achieving age appropriate milestones. Mismatch between internal and external could be genetic

Question 15

early intervention

Answer 15

• can vastly improve outcomes making it essential to understand social and emotional antecedents of psychopathology

Question 16

Psychopathology is associated with developmental timing-

Answer 16

early onset of one disorder predicts the later prediction of the same disorder- or a different disorder depending on whether I t is hetero or homo.

Question 17

addressing psychopathology

Answer 17

• Early intervention: developmental knowledge is important to understand when and how mental disorders emerge- especially in youth. There is evidence that early intervention can prevent mental disorders.
  They propose that ongoing modifications and behavioral functions and brain development suggest ‘sensitive ‘ periods- which also correspond with areas of opportunity, argue that by considering biological systems- and when these develop, this can guide our implementation of interventions with preventing mental disorders for youth.