family & friendship (w.10 )

Question 1

Selsman stages

Answer 1

• Egocentric: difficulty recognizing others perspectives: 2-6
  
  • Subjective: people have different perspectives onlu if they have different information 6-8
  • Self reflective: people have different perspectives and different motivations
  • 10-12=-2 mutual= recognizes mo

Question 2

Rubins model of peer relations

Answer 2

depicts a system with nested levels of complexity- indv

Question 3

friendship as a dynamic system

Answer 3

• any event can be considered a system, with a specific purpose.
• substantial or sustained changes to any one element ultimately change the entire system

Question 4

family as a dynamic system

Answer 4

Each element has its own needs and resources, defining each role within the family describes its role within the system. It basically takes into account everyones relationship with everyone else, and how these relationships are unique and indirectly affect every other relationship within the system.

Question 5

caregiver child attachment

Answer 5

• • A strong , enduring emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver. ‘attachment’ is understood through attachment theory, ethological approaches to psychology. Bring attachment styles with us in different relationships.
• • Linear relationships between brain mass and walking, showing infants are really reliant on caregivers because they need to grow in order to be self sufficient.
    Psychodynamic

Question 6

Ethology approaches to psychology:

Answer 6

ensure the survival of the child= point of attachment, a strong bond ensures the infant is protected, fed and cared for when they arnt able to do it on their own.

Question 7

Psychodynamic approaches to psychology:

Answer 7

infant creates a mental representation of caregiver, which informs their first understanding of self and relationships more broadly (helps them understand how the world functions).

Question 8

co regulation of emotions

Answer 8

• ## parent co regulates the infants’ emotions because prefrontal motor cortex isn’t 100% developed

Question 9

caregiver-child attachment

Answer 9

indiscriminate sociability= 0-2 months: child= innate signals caregiver responds

• attachment in the making: 2-7 months: child shows preference for familiar people, caregiver responds to infants needs and builds trust

clear cut attachment: child actively seek caregiver and caregiver provides a secure base, facilitate exploration

reciprocal relationships: 24+ months” child recognizes caregivers’ feelings and the parent provides mutual regulation, working partnership

Question 10

four attachment patterns

Answer 10

• secure attachment
• anxious resistent: ambivalent
• anxious avoidant: indifferent
• disorganized or disorientated.

Question 11

consequences of infant attachment patterns

Answer 11

toddlerhood: cooperation with caregivers and family members
- early childhood: ability to ask for and respond to teachers help
adulthood: parents attachment behaviors contribute to infant’s attachment patterns

Question 12

prototype model

Answer 12

• attachment pattern is relatively fixed from infancy. adult attachment pattern will not change during transition to parenthood.

Question 13

revisionist model

Answer 13

attachment pattern can change with new meaningful relationships, adult attachment pattern will change during the transition to parenthood

Question 14

the sibling coalition

Answer 14

• Older siblings help with socio-cognitive capacitym caregiving and protection, teaching
• Younger siblings: reciprocate behaviour, offer trust and admiration
  Bost siblings help with prosocial behavior, dealing with parents and other children

Question 15

bioecological approach

Answer 15

microsystem: parents, family rules, siblings behavior
mesosystem: parents r’ship, daycare arrangements
exosystem: parents work, transport ability
macrosystem: electricity, media
chronosystem: laws, values, roles