Mental Health Flashcards
What is section 8 of the Mental Health Act?
Application for assessment.
What is section 10 of the Mental Health Act?
Assessment by a psychiatrist.
What is section 11 of the Mental Health Act?
Involves further assessment and treatment for 5 days. Is either at patient’s place of residence or detained at the hospital.
What is section 13 of the Mental Health Act?
Further assessment and treatment for 14 days.
What is section 29 of the Mental Health Act?
Compulsory treatment in the community.
What is section 14 of the Mental Health Act?
Application for compulsory treatment order.
What is section 30 of the Mental Health Act?
Requires the patient to be detained in a specific hospital and accept treatment.
What is section 111 of the Mental Health Act?
Describes the power of the nurse where urgent assessment is required.
Can be applied to any person admitted to hospital that isn’t already under the act, and the nurse believes may be mentally disordered.
What is Schizophrenia?
A mental disorder characterised by abnormal social behaviour and failure to understand what is real.
What is anorexia?
A refusal to maintain a healthy body weight and intense fear of gaining weight, a disordered body image.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Manic-depressive illness - causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs and lows.
What are some symptoms of depression?
Persistent low mood, low self esteem, fatigue, feeling worthless, recurrent thoughts of suicide, insomnia, hypersomnia
Mental State Examination
Appearance, Attitude, Behaviour, Mood and Affect, Speech, Thought Process
Parkinsonism has several characteristic symptoms. When assessing a client with this disease, the nurse may observe:
A) Normal Speech
B) Facial Tremor
C) Shuffling Gait
D) Fast Body Movement
C) Shuffling Gait
Senile dementia alzheimers type is?
A) Primarily a disease of the brain itself
B) Primarily a disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain
C) Has focal neurological symptoms like hemiparesis and dysphagia
D) Has a rapid progression and death within weeks of onset
A) Primarily a disease of the brain itself.
Power of attorney means the person can?
A) Alter a clients will
B) Delegate the clients legal matters to someone else
C) Act on the clients behalf
D) Be liable for the clients debts
C) Act on the clients behalf.
A persons brain who had died of alzheimers would look like?
A) Swelling of the brain and sunken ventricles
B) Diffuse cerebral atrophy with enlargement of the ventricles and sulci
C) Extra ventricles
B) Diffuse cerebral atrophy with enlargement of the ventricles and sulci.
What does the term ‘self medication’ refer to?
Improving psychological distress through substance abuse (drugs or alcohol).
The progression of delirium can be described as:
A) A slow reduction in mental and physical functioning
B) Poor short term memory and confabulation with ongoing deterioration
C) The acute onset of symptoms with rapid improvement on treatment
D) The acute onset of symptoms with gradual improvement over a long period of time
C) The acute onset of symptoms with gradual improvement on treatment.
When an individual with multiple cognitive disabilities has extraordinary proficiency in one isolated skill, this is known as which of the below?
A) Rainman Syndrome
B) Asperger Ability
C) Intellectual Isolation
D) Savant Syndrome
D) Savant Syndrome
What is the COWS scale?
Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (rates substance withdrawal symptoms)
Commonly used drug to stabilise mood?
Lithium - mainly used for Bipolar Disorder.
What are benzodiazepines used for?
Anxiety relief, sedation, muscle relaxation, suppression of convulsions (seizures), alcohol withdrawal.
Harm minimisation strategy (substance and alcohol)
Supply control - restriction of availability
Demand reduction - decrease desire to use drugs
Problem limitation - reduce harm
Hazardous drinking
Likely to cause harmful consequences
Alcohol abuse
Continued use despite harmful consequences
Physiological dependance
Belief that one needs a drink to feel good/normal
Physical dependance
Body adapts to high levels of alcohol use and requires this level to maintain balance
Tolerance
Need more to achieve desired affect
Withdrawal
Physical response to absence of alcohol
Standard drink
10g of alcohol
Standard drinking for women
2 std per day, 10 std per week, only 4 std in one sitting
Standard drinking for men
3 std per day, 15 std per week, 5 std in one sitting
Substance dependance
Repeated use of substance resulting in tolerance, withdrawal, cravings and compulsive
Substance abuse
Recurrent and persistent maladaptive pattern of substance use
Physiological effects of long term alcohol abuse
Cardiomyopathy
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Korsakoff’s psychosis
Pancreatitis
Esophagitis Hepatits
Cirrhosis Leucopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
Sweating, hand tremors, elevated pulse, insomnia, anxiety, increased blood pressure
What is alcohol induced dementia called?
A) Lewy body disease
B) Korsakoff’s syndrome
C) Alzheimer’s
D) Vascular dementia
B) Korsakoff’s syndrome
Define delirium tremens
An acute episode of delirium when withdrawal is severe or untreated
Signs and symptoms of delirium tremens
Transient hallucinations, seizures, severe delirium
Medication used to suppress symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines such as lorazepam, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide
Opioid substitution therapy (OST)
Replaces illicit drug use with medically prescribed, oral administered opiates
What are commonly use OST’s
Methadone, buprenorphine, naloxone, naltrexone
Clinical manifestations of antisocial personality disorder
Shallow emotions, lying, lack of remorse for behaviours, impulsivity, irritability, aggressiveness, lack of insight, poor judgement
Most common medication used for treating Bipolar Disorder
Lithium - due to it being a mood stabiliser that can prevent relapse
Mechanism of action for ECT
Electrical impulse induces a therapeutic tonic clonic seizure. The shock intensifies brain chemistry to correct the chemical imbalance in depression
Positive signs and symptoms of Schizophrenia
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, thinking and behaviour
Negative signs and symptoms of Schizophrenia
Flat affect, lack of volition, social withdrawal or discomfort
Types of Schizophrenia
Paranoid, Disorganised, Catatonic, Undifferentiated
Kubler Ross stages of dying/grief
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
Three classifications of antidepressants
Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors, Monoamine oxidase, Tricyclic
Therapeutic action of antipsychotic medications
To cause change in neuron stimulation and response
Antipsychotic medications
Quetiapine, Haloperidol, Risperidone, Apriprazol, Chlorpomazine
Three categories of CNS drugs
Stimulants, hallucinogens, CNS depressants
Substance use disorder criteria
Dyscontrol, physiological, compulsion, salience
Co-existing disorders
Social anxiety, mania, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anti-social personality disorder
Social anxiety
Marked fear of conversation, meeting unfamiliar people, being observed, having to perform in front of people
Major depressive
Depressed, fatigue, insomnia, feeling worthless, recurrent thoughts of death, lack of concentration, significant weight loss/gain, diminished interest
Mania
Decreased need for sleep, flights of ideas, easily distracted, inflated self-esteem/grandiosity, increase in goal-directed activity, excessive involvement in high-risk activities, more talkative
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence - witnessing the event, directly experiencing the event, learning the event happened to someone close, experiencing repeated extreme exposure
Anti-social personality disorder
Disregard for and violation of the rights of others - failure to conform with social norms, deceitfulness, impulsive, aggressiveness, lack of remorse, disregard for safety of others, consistent irresponsibility
Bipolar 1 Disorder
Distinct period abnormally/persistently elevated, expansive or irritable. Lasting more than a week, most of the day
5 different types of hallucinations
Auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, gustatory
