Emergency Nursing Flashcards
A patient collapses in front of you and is in cardiac arrest. Which will give him the best chance of survival?
A) Waiting for the emergency service personnel to arrive
B) Immediate CPR and defibrillation within 5 minutes
C) Defibrillation in 10 minutes with no CPR
D) Immediate CPR and defibrillation within 10 minutes
B) Immediate CPR and defibrillation within 5 minutes
If you are alone and find a non-breathing and pulseless victim lying face down at the scene of an accident and you suspect that the victim has a back/neck injury, you should:
A) Turn the victim and begin CPR.
B) Turn the victim’s head to one side and begin CPR.
C) Do nothing and wait until help arrives.
D) Attempt to do CPR with the victim in the face-down position.
A) Turn the victim and begin CPR
The recovery position is used to:
A) Keep an unconscious victim comfortable.
B) To stop nerve damage to the shoulders.
C) To maintain a clear airway.
D) To minimize bruising in head injury.
C) To maintain a clear airway
The aims or objectives of first aid are:
A) To save lives, prevent trauma worsening, and promote recovery.
B) To get medical assistance as soon as possible.
C) To provide comfort and support.
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Primary Assessment involves the following:
A) Eye care, spinal and neck injury, injury assessment, trauma management.
B) Arousal, airway, breathing, circulation, bleeding, shock.
C) Illness assessment, injury assessment, trauma management, and shock management.
D) CPR, rescue breathing, illness assessment, injury assessment and trauma management
B) Arousal, airway, breathing, circulation, bleeding, shock
The purpose of triage is:
A) To reassure the conscious patient.
B) To provide the emergency services with information.
C) To assess all patients immediate needs.
D) To provide assistance for unconscious patients.
C) To assess all patients immediate needs
The signs and symptoms of shock are:
A) Pale clammy skin, rapid shallow breathing, and rapid weak pulse.
B) Pale clammy skin, slow breathing, slow pulse.
C) Pale clammy skin, normal breathing, normal pulse.
D) Pale skin, abdominal pain, incontinence, difficulty in breathing.
A) Pale clammy skin, rapid shallow breathing, rapid weak pulse
The treatment of shock requires:
A) Brandy, a cigarette and a hot water bottle.
B) Brandy, no smoking and rapid warming.
C) No alcohol, no smoking or warming.
D) Elevation of legs, reassurance and treat cause.
D) Elevation of legs, reassurance and treat cause
Victims can be moved under the following circumstances:
A) If they cannot get enough oxygen due to too many bystanders.
B) If the ambulance is going to take more than ½ hour to arrive at the accident scene.
C) In the case of fire, chemical spills and traffic.
D) If it is raining or the weather deteriorates.
C) In the case of fire, chemical spills and traffic
Select two from the following…
An emergency is:
1) A situation that the victim perceives to be difficult
2) A situation that can usually be resolved
3) An unforeseen combinations of circumstances
4) A state in which normal procedures are suspended
A) 1 and 3
B) 3 and 4
C) 2 and 4
D) 2 and 3
B) 3 and 4
When crisis presents, an emergency assessment is performed to:
A) Seek consensus
B) Consider your choices
C) Identify a life threatening problem
D) To get your point across
C) Identify a life threatening problem
When on the ward when do you prepare for a crisis?
A) At the beginning of each shift
B) Prior to receiving a patient from ED
C) Upon receiving a new patient
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Triage provides effective use of:
A) Large assembly areas and vehicles
B) Resources, staff, skills, facilities and time
C) Existentialism, spiritualism and staff
D) The available food, water and medical support
B) Resources, staff, skills, facilities and time
Two of the most significant early warning signs for the deteriorating patient are;
A) Respiration rate and heart rate
B) Systolic blood pressure and urine output
C) LOC and respiration rate
D) Temperature and heart rate
C) LOC and respiration rate
In a disaster, how long should you be prepared to look after yourself and your loved ones?
A) 3 hours
B) 3 days
C) 3 weeks
D) 1 week
B) 3 days
In a disaster, you need to have a minimum of how many litres of water per person per day available for use?
A) 1 litre
B) 3 litres
C) 6 litres
D) Depends how age and thirst
B) 3 Litres
To safely store water, how much household bleach do you add?
A) 20 drops per litre of water
B) Half a cup per 10 litres of water
C) Half of a teaspoon for 10 litres of water
D) 5 drops per cup of water
C) Half a teaspoon for 10 Litres of water
A nurse stopped at an accident scene and began to provide emergency care for the victims. This nurse’s actions are best labelled as:
A) Respect for persons
B) Beneficence
C) Non maleficence
D) Triage
B) Beneficence
3 steps of crisis
Clarify the type of crisis, help stabilise the situation, develop an action plan
What does PRIME stand for?
Primary Response in Medical Emergency
What is involved in prime nursing?
On call medical emergency care including primary assessment, essential resuscitation, rapid and safe delivery of patients to the appropriate place of care
Do prime nurses administer emergency medications for life saving purposes?
Yes
When checking the equipment in the hospital ward for ABCs, what are you checking?
A - suction
B - oxygen
C - pump, monitor, sats monitor, BP cuff
When do we prepare for a crisis?
Prior to ED or theatre, beginning of each shift, receiving a new patient
Why do we use a triage system?
To improve chances of survival and decrease the morbidity that may result from trauma or acute illness
National triage classification system steps
Cat 1 - resuscitation require (dying)
Cat 2 - emergency 10 min (just about to die)
Cat 3 - urgent 30 min
Cat 4 - semi urgent 1 hr
Cat 5 - non urgent within 2 hours
D and E from ABCDE stands for
D - disability neurologically (GCS)\
E - expose and examine (neck, chest, abdomen)
5 H’s to consider and correct
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypo/hyperkalemia
Hypo/hyperglycemia
Hypo/hyperthermia
4 T’s to consider and correct
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Toxicity
Thromboembolism
First priority in any emergency situation
Airway
Anaphylaxis
Severe anaphylactic reaction
What is the risk associated with anaphylaxis?
Airway obstruction
How do you manage anaphylaxis?
Support airway, document obs, ensure medical help, administer/prescribe medication, apply oxygen if required
Man collapses and has a grand mal seizure, what is the first risk?
Airway obstruction, risk of injury secondary to collapse
What to do if man collapsed having grand mal seizure?
Manage airway, assist in recovery once breathing, call for help, oxygen?, block area for low stimulation, find support
Cardiac emergencies
Coronary artery disease, angina, heart attack
Coronary artery disease
Plaque builds up in an artery, walls become damaged, harder for arteries to dilate
What can cause a build up of plaque?
High cholesterol, fat, other substances
Angina
Harder for blood to get through the artery
Heart attack
Plaque cracks and blood clots block the artery
What causes damage to heart walls?
Hypertension, smoking
Typical symptoms of cardiac emergencies subjective to assessment
Central crushing of band-like chest pain, radiation to neck, jaw or upper limbs, associated nausea, shortness of breath
Chest pain for women
Can be different to the usual symptoms
Acute coronary syndrome
Life-threatening, ruptured atherosclerotic plaque and clot formation
What does the ruptured atherosclerotic plaque in acute coronary syndrome cause?
Sudden complete or critical occlusion of coronary artery leading to reduction in blood flow to the myocardium and subsequent ischemia or necrosis
