Menstruation phases and hormones

Question 1

Menarche

Answer 1

the term that denotes the first menstruation

Question 2

Menopause

Answer 2

refers only to the last menstrual period

Question 3

Define Menstruation

Answer 3

the periodic uterine bleeding that is controlled by a feedback system involving three cycles: the endometrial cycle, the hypothalamic-pituitary cycle, and the ovarian cycle.

Question 4

Average Menstrual cycle

Answer 4

28 days; variations are normal. Occurs 14 days after ovulation

Question 5

Average blood loss in menstraution

Answer 5

50 mL; normal range 20 - 80 mL

Question 6

Cause of menstruation

Answer 6

lack of fertilization in the ischemic phase

Question 7

Menstruation homrones

Answer 7

LH- Luteinizing Hormone
FSH- Follicle stimulating hormone
Estrogen - Esradiol
Progesterone

Question 8

LH hormone function

Answer 8

helps in ovulation in the 14th day

Question 9

FSH hormone function

Answer 9

stimulates the maturation of a follicle

Question 10

Estrogen hormone function

Answer 10

• helps to increase the thickness of uterine wall

- helps endometrium development

Question 11

Progesterone hormone function

Answer 11

• helps to maintain the thickness

- helps to maintain the secretory nature of the endometrium.

Question 12

Ovarian Cycle:

Answer 12

the preparation of the endocrine tissues and release of eggs

Question 13

3 phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 13

Follicular phase, ovulation phase, luteal phase

Question 14

Follicular phase

Answer 14

• the period during which the ovum matures
• begins on day 1 and ends around day 14.
• Almost all variations in the length of the ovarian cycle are the result of variations in the length of the follicular phase

Question 15

Ovulation Phase:

Answer 15

Body temperature increases about 0.3°C to 0.6°C (0.5°F to 1°F) 24 to 48 hours after the time of ovulation.

Question 16

Mittelschmerz

Answer 16

mid-cycle pain; may be caused by a thick tunica albuginea or by a local peritoneal reaction to the expelling of the follicular contents.

Question 17

Luteal Phase

Answer 17

The luteal phase begins after ovulation. The corpus luteum is dependent on the ovulatory phase and fertilization

Question 18

Endometrial(Menstrual) Cycle

Answer 18

preparation and maintenance of the uterine lining

Question 19

4 phases of the menstrual cycle (in order)

Answer 19

menstrual phase
proliferative phase
secretory phase
ischemic phase

Question 20

Menstrual phase

Answer 20

Menstruation occurs, the endometrium is shed on days 1 - 7

The fall in estrogen and progesterone causes the endometrium to break down, resulting in menstruation

Question 21

Proliferative phase:

Answer 21

period of rapid growth, the endometrium and myometrium thickness increases and estrogen peaks just before ovulation.

Question 22

Secretory phase

Answer 22

the uterus is ready for implantation

from the day of ovulation to approximately 3 days before the next menstrual cycle.

the endometrium becomes heavy, velvety soft and fully mature again

estrogen drops sharply, and high levels of progesterone dominates; vascularity of the entire uterus increases; and tissue glycogen increases, providing a nourishing bed for implantation

Question 23

During which phase does the endometrium receptive to the implantation of the fertilized ovum?

Answer 23

Secretory