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NuCM 107 - MCN > Menstruation > Flashcards

Menstruation Flashcards

1
Q

episodic uterine bleeding in response to cyclic hormonal changes

A

Menstrual cycle

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2
Q

Purpose:
- to bring an ovum to maturity
- renew a uterine tissue bed that will be necessary for the ova’s growth should it be fertilized.

A

Menstrual cycle

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3
Q

Average length of the woman’s menstrual cycle

A

28 days to be as short as 23 days or as long as 35 days

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4
Q

normal, regular menstruation that lasts for few days (usually 3-5 days, but anywhere from 2-7 days is considered normal)

A

Eumenorrhea

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5
Q

the first menstruation. It is an event that signifies the end of puberty and beginning of reproductive years of woman depending on conditions such as heredity, nutrition, race.

A

Menarche

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6
Q

infrequent or irregular ovulation

A

Oligoovulation

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7
Q

absence of ovulation

A

Anovulation

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8
Q

very little flow (less than 10ml)

A

Hypermenorrhea

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9
Q

regular cycles with intervals of 21 days or fewer

A

Polymenorrhea

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10
Q

irregular uterine bleeding; usually occurs between regular menstrual period

A

Metrorrhagia

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11
Q

abnormal uterine bleeding. Bleeding between monthly periods, and when the period is extremely heavy and/or prolonged.

A

Menometrorrhagia

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12
Q

is the absence of menstruation, often defined as missing one or more menstrual periods. Or months without menses (in the absence of pregnancy)during a woman’s reproductive years

A

Amenorrhea

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13
Q

is the medical term in infrequent menstrual periods (fewer than 76-80 periods in a year)

A

Oligomenorrhea

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14
Q

is characterized by the recurrence of painful cramps during menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

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15
Q

Physiology of menstruation

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Pituitary gland
  3. Ovaries
  4. Uterus
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16
Q

a hormone active early in the cycle that is responsible for maturation of the ovum

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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17
Q

a hormone that becomes most active at the midpoint of the cycle and is responsible for ovulation, or release of the mature egg cell from the ovary

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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18
Q

stimulates growth of the uterine lining during the second half of the menstrual cycle

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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19
Q

are called gonadotropic hormones because they cause growth in the gonads

A

FSH & LH

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20
Q

occurs 14 days before the end of their cycle

A

Ovulation

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21
Q

It illustrates changes that occur monthly as a result of stimulation from the estrogen and progesterone produced by ovaries.

A

Uterus

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22
Q

Phases of Menstrual Cycle

A
  1. Proliferative Phase
  2. Secretory Phase
  3. Ischemic Phase
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23
Q

The ovary begin to produce estrogen (in the follicular fluid, under the direction of the pituitary FSH), the endometrium begins to proliferate so rapidly the thickness of the endometrium increases as much as eightfold from day 5 to day 14.

A

Proliferative Phase

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24
Q

After ovulation, the formation of progesterone in the corpus luteum (under the direction of LH) causes the glands of the uterine endometrium to become corkscrew or twisted in appearance and dilated with quantities of glycogen and mucin.

A

Secretory Phase

25
Q

With the withdrawal of progesterone, the endometrium of the uterus begins to degenerate (about 24 or day 25 of the cycle). The capillaries rupture, with minute hemorrhages, and the endometrium slough off.

A

Ischemic Phase

26
Q

A menstrual flow contains only _______ of blood

A

30-80ml

27
Q

An interesting property of a cervical mucus just before ovulation when estrogen levels are high is the ability to form fern like patterns on a microscope slide when allowed to dry. This pattern is known as:

A

arborization or ferning

28
Q

stretching a mucus sample between thumb and finger or it can be tested in an examining room by smearing a cervical mucus specimen on a slide and stretching the mucus between the slide and cover slip

A

Spinnbarkeit Test

29
Q

a multidimensional phenomenon that includes feelings, attitude and actions

A

Sexuality

30
Q

Has both biologic and cultural diversity components. It encompasses and gives direction to a person’s physical, emotional, social and intellectual responses throughout life

A

Sexuality

31
Q

The sexual response cycle

A
  1. Excitement
  2. Plateau
  3. Orgasm
  4. Resolution
32
Q

occurs when physical and psychological stimulation (sight, sound, emotion, or thought) that causes parasympathetic nerve stimulation. This leads to arterial dilation and venous constriction in the genital area. The resulting increased blood supply leads to vasocongestion and increasing muscular tension

A

Excitement

33
Q

is reached just before orgasm

A

Plateau

34
Q

It is the shortest stage in the sexual response cycle. Occurs when stimulation proceeds through the plateau stage to a point at which a vigorous contraction of muscles in the pelvic area expels or dissipates blood and fluid from the area of congestion. The average number of contractions for the woman is 8-15 contractions at intervals of 1 every 0.8 seconds. In men, muscle contractions surrounding the seminal vessels and prostate projects semen into the proximal urethra.

A

Orgasm

35
Q

is a 30-minute period during which the external and internal genital organs return to an unaroused state

A

Resolution

36
Q

occurs during which further orgasm is impossible

A

Refractory period

37
Q

referring to an individual’s conception of themselves

A

Sexual identity

38
Q

referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual

A

Sexual behavior

39
Q

referring to “fantasies, attachments and longing”

A

Sexual orientation

40
Q

refers how one thinks of oneself in terms of whom one is sexually and romantically attracted to

A

Sexual identity

41
Q

is the term used to chromosomal sexual development: male (XY) female (XX)

A

Biological sex

42
Q

is the inner sense a person has to being male or female, which may be the same as or different from biologic gender

A

Gender identity

43
Q

refers to the behavior a person exhibits, which may or may not be the same as the person’s identity or sex assigned at birth

A

Gender expression

44
Q

an enduring pattern of attraction, emotional, romantic, sexual or some combination of these to the opposite sex, the same sex or both sexes and the genders that accompany them

A

Sexual orientation

45
Q

overlap with sexual orientation, but is distinguished in psychological research. A person who identifies as bisexual, for example, may sexually prefer one sex over the other.

A

Sexual preference

46
Q

if they achieve sexual satisfaction from both same-sex and heterosexual relationship

A

Bisexual

47
Q

is someone who finds sexual fulfillment with a member of the opposite gender

A

Heterosexual

48
Q

is someone who finds sexual fullfillment with a member of his or her own sex

A

Homosexual

49
Q

male identified individual’s who are sexually attracted to female partners

A

Gay

50
Q

female identified individuals who are sexually attracted to women

A

Lesbian

51
Q

Men who have sex with men

A

MSM

52
Q

women who sex with women

A

WSW

53
Q

when an individual feels their gender and their sex match

A

Cisgender

54
Q

when an individual feels theoir gender and their sex do not match

A

Transgender

55
Q

is the realization one’s physical sex and gender are mismatched, which can cause a lot of stress and anxiety

A

Gender dysphoria

56
Q

male to female transition; usually prefers female pronouns

A

MTF

57
Q

female to male transition; usually of estrogen and antiandrogens for MTF individuals and testosterone for FTM individuals to gain characteristics of their gender identity

A

FTM

58
Q

surgical procedures to change body characteristics to match an individual’s gender identity

A

Gender affirmation surgery

59
Q

Factors affecting sexuality

A
  • Biological
  • Genetic factors
  • Psychological & social factors

NuCM 107 - MCN (6 decks)

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