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NuCM 107 - MCN > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

It begins at the moment of conception and continues through life.

A

Reproductive Development

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2
Q

is a body organ that produces the cells necessary for reproduction (the ovary in females, testes in males)

A

Gonad

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3
Q

cells that will develop into eggs through out the woman’s mature years.

A

Oocytes

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4
Q

is the stage of life at which secondary sex changes begin.

A

Puberty

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5
Q

means “the awakening of the adrenal gland.”

A

Menarche

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6
Q

is responsible for making hormones including androgens — sex hormones that cause changes such as the development of pubic hair, oily skin, oily hair, and body odor.

A

Adrenal gland

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7
Q

How many adrenal glands are in each kidney?

A

One each

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8
Q

are hormones responsible for muscular development, physical growth and the increase in sebaceous gland secretions

A

Androgenic hormones

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9
Q

beginning of breast development

A

Thelarche

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10
Q

the onset of the reproductive phase in a young female (first menstruation)

A

Menarche

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11
Q

any physical characteristic developing at puberty which distinguishes between the sexes but is not directly involved in reproduction.

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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12
Q

refers to the entire female genitalia

A

Vulva or pudenda

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13
Q

Is a pad of fats that protect the symphysis pubis.

A

Mons Pubis/Mons Veneris

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14
Q

these are two thick folds of adipose tissue originating from mons pubis and terminating in the perineum

A

Labia Majora

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15
Q

provides covering to external organ located under it.

A

Labia Majora

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16
Q

these are two thin folds of adipose tissue that joins anteriorly to form a prepuce and posteriorly to form the fourchette. It is fragile, it is torn during delivery.

A

Labia minora

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17
Q

it is erectile tissue situated under the prepuce of the labia minora

A

Clitoris

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18
Q

It is highly sensitive: touch and temperature. Known as “seat of woman’s sexual arousal and orgasm.

A

Clitoris

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19
Q

cheese-like secretions that supplies clitoris with sebaceous gland

A

Smegma

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20
Q

it is the space between the fourchette and vaginal introitus that is usually obliterated during childbirth.

A

Fossa Navicularis

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21
Q

it is the triangular space between the labia minora where vaginal introitus, urethral meatus, Bartholin’s gland and skene’s gland are located.

A

Vestibule

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22
Q

are a pair of glands located at the side of the vagina which secretes mucus that keeps vaginal introitus lubricated.

A

Bartholin’s gland

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23
Q

Its alkaline nature enhances sperm survival.

A

Bartholin’s gland

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24
Q

is known as vulvovaginal gland, paravaginal gland or major vestibular gland

A

Bartholin’s gland

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25
Q

it is located at inner side of urethral meatus

A

Skene’s gland

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26
Q

Also known as para urethral gland and minor vestibular gland

A

Skene’s gland

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27
Q

Its secretions increase with sexual stimulation to provide lubrication to the vagina to facilitate coitus.

A

Skene’s gland

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28
Q

it is the external opening of the vagina located just below the urethral meatus.

A

Vaginal orifice (introitus)

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29
Q

G-spot (Granfenberg) located at inner anterior surface of the vagina.

A

Vaginal orifice (introitus)

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30
Q

it is a thin circular membrane made of elastic tissue situated at the vaginal opening

A

Hymen

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31
Q

it is located just below the clitoris

A

Urethral meatus

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32
Q

It is where the urine flows.

A

Urethral meatus

33
Q

it is a hallow membranous organ, located in front of the rectum and behind the bladder

A

Vagina

34
Q

It has many folds or rugae that expand so much at the end of pregnancy, a full-term baby pass through without tearing.

A

Vagina

35
Q

A circular muscle at the external opening of the vagina that acts as a voluntary sphincter.

A

bulbocavernosus muscle

36
Q

pH of vagina

A

6.8-7.2

37
Q

pH of vagina after puberty

A

4.5

38
Q

Functions of vagina

A
  • Organ of copulation (sexual intercourse)
  • Discharges menstrual flow
  • Birth canal
39
Q

are gram-positive bacillus that form a microbiome, reproduce in the female vagina after gaining sexual maturity, secrete lactic acid, and prevent the growth of other vaginitis-causing bacteria.

A

Döderlein’s bacillus

40
Q

are approximately 3cm long by 2 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm thick or the size and shape of almonds

A

Ovaries

41
Q

They are grayish-white and appear pitted, with minute indentations on the surface.

A

Ovaries

42
Q

They are held suspended an in close contact with the ends of the fallopian tubes by three strong ligaments that attach both to the uterus and the pelvic wall.

A

Ovaries

43
Q

Functions:
- Oogenesis- development and maturation of ovum
- Between 5-7 million ova form in utero (most never develop beyond primitive & then atrophy)
- 2 million at birth
- 500,000 by age 7 years
- 300,000 by age 22 years
- none are left by menopause (all have either matured or atrophied)
- Hormone Production- estrogen and progesterone
- Ovulation- refers to the release of ovum from the ovary

A

Ovaries

44
Q
  • It stimulate the development of female secondary sex characteristics
  • Stimulate proliferation of cell in endometrium resulting in thickening of the endometrial lining
  • Causes thinning of mucus
  • Stimulate the growth of ductile structure of the breast
  • Menarche/menstruation
  • Inhibit follicle stimulating hormone
  • Causes maturation of ovum
A

Estrogen

45
Q
  • Thermogenic effect- increases the body temperature
  • Relaxes uterine muscle
  • Causes weight gain by promoting fluid retention
  • Causes pre menstrual syndrome
  • Tingling sensation and feeling of fullness of the breast before menstruation
  • Secretory changes in the endometrium: stimulate endometrial glands to secrete mucin and glycogen in preparation for implantation.
A

Progesterone

46
Q

two main ligaments that attach to the ovary

A
  1. Ovarian ligament
  2. Suspensory ligament
47
Q

is attached to the ovary inferiorly. It connects the ovary to the side of the uterus. Structurally, it is a fibrous band of tissue that lies within the broad ligament. It joins the uterus just below the origin of the fallopian tubes.

A

Ovarian ligament

48
Q

extends outwards from the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall. It consists of a fold of peritoneum, thus some sources consider it to be part of the broad ligament.

A

Suspensory ligament

49
Q

The function of this ligament is to contain the ovarian vessels and nerves (ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus and lymphatic vessels).

A

Suspensory ligament

50
Q

arise from upper corner of the uterine body and extend outward and backward until each opens at its distal end, next to ovary. It is approximately 10cm long in a mature woman.

A

Fallopian tube

51
Q

Functions:
- Convey the ovum from the ovaries to the uterus
- Provide a place of fertilization of the ovum by sperm

A

Fallopian tube

52
Q

4 parts of the fallopian tube

A
  1. Interstitial/intramural
  2. Isthmus
  3. Ampulla/distal third
  4. Infundibulum
53
Q

located inside the uterus

A

Interstitial/intramural

54
Q

This is the portion of the tube that is cut or sealed in tubal ligation or tubal sterilization procedure

A

Isthmus

55
Q

it is 5cm long where fertilization of an ovum usually occurs

A

Ampulla/distal third

56
Q

the most distal segment of the tube

A

Infundibular

57
Q

It is 2cm long, funnel shaped and covered by fimbria (small hairs) that help to guide the ovum into the fallopian tube.

A

Infundibulum

58
Q

Layers of fallopian tube

A
  1. Mucosal layer
  2. Muscular layer
  3. Peritoneal layer
59
Q

it is a hollow, muscular canal resembling an inverted pear and is situated in the lower pelvis, posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum

A

Uterus

60
Q

Functions:
- To receive the ovum from the fallopian tube
- Provide place for implantation and nourishment
- Furnish protection to a growing fetus
- Maturity of the fetus, expel it from a woman’s body.

A

Uterus

61
Q

3 divisions of the uterus

A
  • Body/Corpus
  • Isthmus
  • Cervix
62
Q

the uppermost part and forms the bulk of the organ

A

Body/Corpus

63
Q

The portion of the uterus between the points of attachment of the fallopian tubes

A

Fundus

64
Q

portion that can be palpated abdominally to determine the amount of uterine growth, to measure force of uterine contractions during labor, & to assess that the uterus is returning to its nonpregnant state after childbirth

A

Fundus

65
Q

3 layers of the uterus

A

A. Endometrium
B. Myometrium
C. Perimetrium

66
Q

are two folds of peritoneum that cover the uterus in the front and back and extend to the pelvic sides to help steady the uterus

A

Broad ligaments

67
Q

3 regions of broad ligaments

A
  • Mesometrium
  • Mesovarium
  • Mesosalpinx
68
Q

are two fibrous muscular cords , originates at the uterine horns (the points at which the fallopian tubes enter the uterus), and attaches to the labia majora, passing through the inguinal canal inserting into the fascia of the vulva

A

Round ligaments

69
Q

It pulls the uterus forward, helping to maintain the uterus anteverted.

A

Round ligaments

70
Q

are also known as the lateral, transverse cervical, or Mackenrodt’s ligaments

A

Cardinal ligaments

71
Q

are bilateral structures, which attach the cervix to the posterior surface of the pubic symphysis. They function to support the uterus within the pelvic cavity

A

Pubocervical Ligaments

72
Q

are also bilateral fibrous bands, which attach the cervix to the sacrum. They are also known as therecto-uterine ligaments or sacrocervical ligaments.This supports the uterus and holds it in place.

A

Uterosacral Ligaments

73
Q

Double uterus

A

Didelphys uterus

74
Q

Uterus with a dent on the top part

A

Arcuate uterus

75
Q

One-sided uterus

A

Unicornuate uterus

76
Q

Heart-shaped uterus

A

Bicornuate uterus

77
Q

Uterus with partition in the middle

A

Septate uterus

78
Q

The normal position of the uterus

A

the anteverted position where the uterus tips forward at the cervix

NuCM 107 - MCN (6 decks)

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