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NuCM 107 - MCN > Care of Developing Fetus > Flashcards

Care of Developing Fetus Flashcards

1
Q

from ovulation to fertilization

A

Ovum

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2
Q

from fertilization to implantation

A

Zygote

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3
Q

from implantation to 8 weeks

A

Embryo

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4
Q

from 8 weeks until term

A

Fetus

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5
Q

developing embryo and placental structures throughout pregnancy

A

Conceptus

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6
Q

the earliest age at which fetuses survive if they are born is generally accepted as 24 weeks or the point a fetus weighs more than 500-600 grams

A

Age of viability

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7
Q

is the union of an ovum and spermatozoon

A

Fertilization

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8
Q

This usually occurs in the outer third of the fallopian tube, termed as the ampullar portion.

A

Fertilization

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9
Q

It is referred to as conception, impregnation or fecundation.

A

Fertilization

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10
Q

usually capable for fertilization for only about 24 hours (48 hours at the most)

A

Ovum

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11
Q

life span is 48 hours or possibly 72 hours

A

Spermatozoon

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12
Q

Normally an ejaculation of semen

A

2.5ml of fluid containing 50-200 million spermatozoa per ml or an average of 400 million sperm cells per ejaculation

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13
Q

fine, hairlike structures that line the openings of the tubes

A

Fimbriae

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14
Q

After penetration of the ovum, this forms when chromosomal material of the ovum and spermatozoon fuse

A

Zygote

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15
Q

The journey of the zygote

A

3-4 days from the ampulla of the fallopian tube to the uterus

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16
Q

a hollow sphere with an inner cell mass as the cells continue to divide and proliferate

A

Blastocyst

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17
Q

a key milestone in early embryonic development

A

Blastocyst stage

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18
Q

3 germ layers of blastocyst

A
  • Ectoderm (outer)
  • Mesoderm (middle)
  • Endoderm (inner)
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19
Q

outer layer of blastocyst which forms the placenta and other supporting structures

A

trophoblast or trophoderm

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20
Q
  • Absorbs nutrients from the endometrium
  • Secrete the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin necessary for prolonging life of corpus luteum
A

Trophoblast

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21
Q

2 layers of trophoblast

A
  1. Cytotrophoblast
  2. Syncytiotrophoblast
22
Q

proliferates upon implantation. Itis cellular and expands mitotically into the syncytiotrophoblast to formprimary chorionic villi.

A

Cytotrophoblast or layer of Langhans

23
Q

Cells from primary chorionic villi can be removed for early genetic testing at some risk to the fetus.

A

chorionic villus sampling

24
Q

supports cytotrophoblast proliferation through contact with the maternal blood. It then facilitates the exchange of nutrients, wastes and gases between the maternal and fetal systems.

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

25
Q

the contact between the growing structure and the uterine endometrium that occurs between 8-10 days after fertilization (or about 8 days after ovulation)

A

Implantation

26
Q

Term when blastocyst brushes against the rich uterine endometrium

A

Apposition

27
Q

Term when the blastocyst attaches to the surface of the endometrium

28
Q

Term when the blastocyst settles down into soft folds

29
Q

is the specialized layer of endometrium that forms the base of the placental bed. it is the most ideal site for implantation because of its rich blood supply that ensures optimum placental growth and development

30
Q

Layers of decidua

A

a. Decidua vera or parietalis- the remaining portion of the uterine lining
b. Decidua basalis or placentalis- forms the maternal portion of the placenta
c. Decidua capsularis- the layer which encloses the blastocysts after implantation

31
Q

aretiny projections of placental tissue that look like fingers and contain the same genetic material as the fetus

A

Chorionic villi

32
Q

the villi at the embryonic pole, which is in contact with the decidua basalis, increase greatly in size and complexity

A

Chorion frondosum

33
Q

villi not involved with implantation that gradually degenerates, becoming thin and eventually forming the chorionic membrane

A

Chorion leave or “bald chorion”

34
Q

among the vital membranes that form the amniotic sac

35
Q

Tail-structures chorion that provides extra protection to the embryo.

A

Chorion villi

36
Q

contains a thin transparent fluid called amniotic fluid in which the embryo is suspended

37
Q

a thin transparent fluid in which the embryo is suspended

A

amniotic fluid

38
Q

Amniotic fluid volume

A

ranges from 500-1200 ml averaging at 1000ml

39
Q

Excessive amniotic fluid more than 2000ml in total or pockets of fluid larger than 8cm on ultrasound.

A

hydramnios

40
Q

may also occur in women with diabetes because hyperglycemia causes excessive fluid shifts into the amniotic space

A

Hydramnios

41
Q

is composed of 99% water and 1 % solid particles. It contains albumin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, lecithin sphingomyelin, bilirubin, minerals and suspended materials such as desquamated epithelial cells and vernix caseosa

A

Amniotic fluid

42
Q

It is clear and colorless to straw colored, with pH= 7.00-7.25 reaction is neutral to alkaline and specific gravity=1.005-1.025

A

Amniotic fluid

43
Q

It connects the fetus to the placenta (carry oxygen and nutrients to the placenta and return oxygenated blood and fetal waste products to the placenta)

A

Umbilical cord

44
Q

It has AVA (1 vein which carries oxygenated blood to the fetus and 2 arteries which carries unoxygenated blood to the placenta)

A

Umbilical cord

45
Q

a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides. Its main function is toinsulate and protect the umbilical cord in the womb.

A

Wharton’s jelly

46
Q

Wharton’s Jelly is named after the 17th-century English anatomist who first discovered it named:

A

Thomas Wharton

47
Q

The rate of blood flow at term

A

350 ml/min

48
Q

Short cord may lead to:

A
  • Intrapartum hemorrhage due to premature separation of the placenta
  • Delayed descent of the fetus during labor
  • Inversion of the uterus
49
Q

Long cord may lead to:

A
  • Cord presentation
  • Coiling of the cord around the neck
  • True knots of the cord
50
Q

This side of the placenta is dark red in color and is made up of many lobes (15-20) called cotyledons. These lobes adhere to the uterus and connect with a mothers’ circulation.

A

Mother’s side

51
Q

The other side of the placenta is shiny in appearance and is where the baby is connected by the umbilical cord to the placenta, within the placental sac.

A

the fetal side

52
Q
  • provides oxygen and nutrients to a growing fetus
  • exchange of gaseous and waste products between the maternal and fetal circulation
  • Temporary endocrine organ which produces hormones important in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy and in preparation for labor and breastfeeding

NuCM 107 - MCN (6 decks)

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