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MCN > Menstruation > Flashcards

Menstruation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average length of a menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

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2
Q

What is the average length of a menstrual flow?

A

4-6 days

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3
Q

What is the other term for the first menstruation?

A

Menarche

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4
Q

What are the four body structures involved in menstruation?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. anterior pituitary
  3. ovaries
  4. uterus
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5
Q

What initiates the menstrual cycle?

A

Release of GnRH from the hypothalamus

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6
Q

How does GnRH affect the pituitary gland?

A

Sigals the pituitary gland to release gonadotropic hormones to let the ovaries produce estrogen

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7
Q

What is the relationship between GnRH and estrogen?

A

If estrogen levels are high enough, GnRH is inhibited

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8
Q

What is another term for the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Adenohypophysis

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9
Q

What stimulates the growth of the uterine lining during the second half of the menstrual cycle?

A

LH

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10
Q

What hormone becomes the most active at the midpoint of the cycle and is responsible for ovulation?

A

LH

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11
Q

What hormone is responsible for the maturation of the ovum?

A

FSH

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12
Q

At what point of the cycle does the ovum divide by mitotic and meiotic division?

A

Midpoint

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13
Q

How does FSH affect the ovaries?

A

Causes the oocyte to grow and mature

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14
Q

What does the oocyte produce as it grows?

A

Follicular fluid that contains a high degree of estrogen and some progesterone

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15
Q

What is the graafian folicle?

A

the small ovum accompanied by the follicular membrane and fluid

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16
Q

What causes the graafian follicle to rupture leading to ovulation?

A

prostaglandins

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17
Q

What causes the release of prostaglandins?

A

LH

18
Q

When does ovulation begin?

A

14 days before the end of the cycle

19
Q

What happens to the ovarian follicles after ovulation?

A

produces lutein and is renamed to the corpus luteum

20
Q

What causes the follicles to produce lutein?

A

LH

21
Q

How many weeks does the corpus luteum remain if the ovum is fertilized?

A

16-20 weeks

22
Q

How many days does it take for the ovum to atrophy if unfertilized?

A

4-5

23
Q

How many days does the corpus luteum remain for if the ovum is unfertilized?

A

8-10 days

24
Q

Uterine changes that occur monthly as a result of stimulation from ___________ and _____________ produced by the ovaries

A

estrogen and progesterone

25
Q

What is the first phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Proliferative (or estrogenic, follicular, postmenstrual)

26
Q

When does the proliferative phase occur?

A

After menstrual flow (around 5-14 days)

27
Q

What causes the endometrium to proliferate (grow) during this phase?

A

estrogen

28
Q

What occurs in the proliferstive phase?

A

ovaries produce estrogen as instructed by the FSH

29
Q

What is the second phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Secretory (or luteal, progestational, premenstrual)

30
Q

What hormone is formed in the secretory phase?

A

Progesterone

31
Q

What secretes progesterone in the secretory phase?

A

Corpus luteum

32
Q

(Secretory phase) The glands of the uterine endometrium become ____________ or ___________ in appearance

A

corkscrew or twisted

33
Q

(Secretory phase) The uterine endometrium is dilated with quantities of _________ and ________

A

glycogen and mucin

34
Q

What is the third phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ischemic

35
Q

(Ischemic phase) If ___________ does not occur, the corpus luteum begins to regress after __ to __ days

A

fertilization; 8-10

36
Q

What decreases in the ischemic phase?

A

Production of progesterone

37
Q

(Ischemic phase) What happens when the progesterone levels drop?

A

Endometrium begins to degenarate, the capillaries rupture and the endometrium sloughs off

38
Q

What is the fourth phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menses (or menstrual flow)

39
Q

What composes the menstrual flow?

A
  1. mixture of blood from ruptured capillaries
  2. mucin
  3. fragments of endometrial tissue
  4. ovu
40
Q

The first day of menstrual flow is used to mark the ____________ _______ of a new menstrual cycle

A

beginning day

MCN (13 decks)

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