4Ps (part 1)

Question 1

What are the 4 P’s?

Answer 1

1. PASSAGE (pelvis)
2. PASSENGER (fetus)
3. POWERS (uterine factors)
4. PSYCHE (woman’s view)

Question 2

At the pelvic inlet, the ____________ _________ is the narrowest diameter (____)

Answer 2

anteroposterior diameter; 12.5 cm

Question 3

At the pelvic outlet, the ____________ __________ is the narrowest (___)

Answer 3

transverse diameter; 11 cm

Question 4

When an infant cannot be born vaginally, emphasize that it is the _______ that is too small, not that the _____ is too big

Answer 4

pelvis; head

Question 5

What is the body part of the fetus with the widest diameter?

Answer 5

Head

Question 6

How many bones does the cranium contain?

Answer 6

Eight bones

Question 7

What are the 4 superior bones?

Answer 7

• Frontal (two fused bones)
• Parietal (2)
• Occipital

Question 8

What are the other bones of the cranium that are never the presenting parts?

Answer 8

• Sphenoid
• Ethmoid
• Temporal (2)

Question 9

These are membrane-covered spaces found at the junction of the main suture lines

Answer 9

Fontanelles

Question 10

Also called bregma

Answer 10

Anterior fontanelle

Question 11

What lies at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures?

Answer 11

Anterior fontanelle

Question 12

What is a fusion of 2 frontal bones and 2 parietal bones?

Answer 12

Anterior fontanelle

Question 13

What is the fusion of 2 parietal bones and the occipital bone?

Answer 13

Posterior fontanelle

Question 14

What is the space between the two fontanelles?

Answer 14

Vertex

Question 15

What is the area over the frontal bone?

Answer 15

Sinciput

Question 16

What is the area over the occipital bone?

Answer 16

Occiput

Question 17

What is the change in the shape of the fetal skull produced by the force of uterine contractions?

Answer 17

Molding

Question 18

How long does Molding last?

Answer 18

A day or two

Question 19

What describes the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor?

Answer 19

Attitude

Question 20

What is Good attitude?

Answer 20

complete flexion, spinal column is bowed forward, head is flexed forward, arms are flexed and folded on chest

Question 21

What is Moderate flexion?

Answer 21

chin is not touching the chest

Question 22

What is another name for Moderate flexion?

Answer 22

military position/attitude

Question 23

What is Partial extension?

Answer 23

presents the brow of the head to the birth canal

Question 24

What is another name for Good attitude?

Answer 24

Vertex

Question 25

What is another name for Partial extension?

Answer 25

Brow

Question 26

What is Poor flexion?

Answer 26

the back is arched, the neck is extended, and a fetus is in complete extension presenting the occipitomental diameter of the head

Question 27

What is another name for Poor flexion?

Answer 27

Face

Question 28

This refers to the settling of the presenting part of a fetus far enough into the pelvis

Answer 28

Engagement

Question 29

What is a presenting part that is not engaged?

Answer 29

floating

Question 30

What is a presenting part that is descending but has not yet reached the ischial spines?

Answer 30

dipping