4Ps (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 P’s?

A
  1. PASSAGE (pelvis)
  2. PASSENGER (fetus)
  3. POWERS (uterine factors)
  4. PSYCHE (woman’s view)
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2
Q

At the pelvic inlet, the ____________ _________ is the narrowest diameter (____)

A

anteroposterior diameter; 12.5 cm

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3
Q

At the pelvic outlet, the ____________ __________ is the narrowest (___)

A

transverse diameter; 11 cm

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4
Q

When an infant cannot be born vaginally, emphasize that it is the _______ that is too small, not that the _____ is too big

A

pelvis; head

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5
Q

What is the body part of the fetus with the widest diameter?

A

Head

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6
Q

How many bones does the cranium contain?

A

Eight bones

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7
Q

What are the 4 superior bones?

A
  • Frontal (two fused bones)
  • Parietal (2)
  • Occipital
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8
Q

What are the other bones of the cranium that are never the presenting parts?

A
  • Sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
  • Temporal (2)
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9
Q

These are membrane-covered spaces found at the junction of the main suture lines

A

Fontanelles

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10
Q

Also called bregma

A

Anterior fontanelle

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11
Q

What lies at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures?

A

Anterior fontanelle

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12
Q

What is a fusion of 2 frontal bones and 2 parietal bones?

A

Anterior fontanelle

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13
Q

What is the fusion of 2 parietal bones and the occipital bone?

A

Posterior fontanelle

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14
Q

What is the space between the two fontanelles?

A

Vertex

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15
Q

What is the area over the frontal bone?

A

Sinciput

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16
Q

What is the area over the occipital bone?

17
Q

What is the change in the shape of the fetal skull produced by the force of uterine contractions?

18
Q

How long does Molding last?

A

A day or two

19
Q

What describes the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor?

20
Q

What is Good attitude?

A

complete flexion, spinal column is bowed forward, head is flexed forward, arms are flexed and folded on chest

21
Q

What is Moderate flexion?

A

chin is not touching the chest

22
Q

What is another name for Moderate flexion?

A

military position/attitude

23
Q

What is Partial extension?

A

presents the brow of the head to the birth canal

24
Q

What is another name for Good attitude?

25
What is another name for Partial extension?
Brow
26
What is Poor flexion?
the back is arched, the neck is extended, and a fetus is in complete extension presenting the occipitomental diameter of the head
27
What is another name for Poor flexion?
Face
28
This refers to the settling of the presenting part of a fetus far enough into the pelvis
Engagement
29
What is a presenting part that is not engaged?
floating
30
What is a presenting part that is descending but has not yet reached the ischial spines?
dipping