4Ps (part 1) Flashcards
What are the 4 P’s?
- PASSAGE (pelvis)
- PASSENGER (fetus)
- POWERS (uterine factors)
- PSYCHE (woman’s view)
At the pelvic inlet, the ____________ _________ is the narrowest diameter (____)
anteroposterior diameter; 12.5 cm
At the pelvic outlet, the ____________ __________ is the narrowest (___)
transverse diameter; 11 cm
When an infant cannot be born vaginally, emphasize that it is the _______ that is too small, not that the _____ is too big
pelvis; head
What is the body part of the fetus with the widest diameter?
Head
How many bones does the cranium contain?
Eight bones
What are the 4 superior bones?
- Frontal (two fused bones)
- Parietal (2)
- Occipital
What are the other bones of the cranium that are never the presenting parts?
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
- Temporal (2)
These are membrane-covered spaces found at the junction of the main suture lines
Fontanelles
Also called bregma
Anterior fontanelle
What lies at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures?
Anterior fontanelle
What is a fusion of 2 frontal bones and 2 parietal bones?
Anterior fontanelle
What is the fusion of 2 parietal bones and the occipital bone?
Posterior fontanelle
What is the space between the two fontanelles?
Vertex
What is the area over the frontal bone?
Sinciput
What is the area over the occipital bone?
Occiput
What is the change in the shape of the fetal skull produced by the force of uterine contractions?
Molding
How long does Molding last?
A day or two
What describes the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor?
Attitude
What is Good attitude?
complete flexion, spinal column is bowed forward, head is flexed forward, arms are flexed and folded on chest
What is Moderate flexion?
chin is not touching the chest
What is another name for Moderate flexion?
military position/attitude
What is Partial extension?
presents the brow of the head to the birth canal
What is another name for Good attitude?
Vertex
What is another name for Partial extension?
Brow
What is Poor flexion?
the back is arched, the neck is extended, and a fetus is in complete extension presenting the occipitomental diameter of the head
What is another name for Poor flexion?
Face
This refers to the settling of the presenting part of a fetus far enough into the pelvis
Engagement
What is a presenting part that is not engaged?
floating
What is a presenting part that is descending but has not yet reached the ischial spines?
dipping
