Menstrual Cycle, Proteins and DNA Flashcards
Menstruation starts and last for an average of 3-7 days. (Day 1-4)
Menstrual Phase
Occurs around days 12-14 midway through the cycle. LH causes the release of mature ovum and will travel to the uterus. (Day 14)
Ovulation Phase
First day of the period to ovulation. Lasts for 14-16 days. Release of FSH to mature follicles (Day 5-13)
Follicular Phase
Average of 14 days, the follicle releases a mature ovum, the follicle changes into corpus luteum and releases progesterone, increase in estrogen and progesterone causes the uterine lining to thicken in case of the egg is fertilized and pregnancy occurs (Day 15-28).
Luteal Phase
Is the monthly flow of blood from the uterus. It occurs in women from puberty to menopause.
Menstruation
The average length of the menstrual cycle is?
28 days
The feeling of discomfort or pain and cramps experienced around the time of period.
Dymenorrhea
Females are estimated to have around how many oocytes?
1-2 million at birth
250k- 300k by puberty
450 until menopause
These are the glands in the female reproductive system.
Ovaries
Ovaries secrete what hormones?
Estrogen and Progesterone
These are the two main hormones during breastfeeding.
Prolactin and Oxytocin
This hormone helps in the secretion of milk.
Prolactin
This hormone is the “letdown reflects” that makes the milk ready.
Oxytocin
Is the time when the fetus develops in the womb until birth.
Pregnancy or Gestation ( 32-42)
What are the symptoms of dysmenorrhea?
Lower abdomen cramps
Headaches
Weakness fainting
Lower back pain
Vomiting
Give at least 3 period care.
- Manage bleeding by using napkins or tampons.
- Keep track of period using the calendar.
- Use warm compress or heating pads.
- Eat healthy
- Take nutritional supplements like vitamins and minerals
- Hydrate
- Exercise
What are the two types of proteins?
Fibrous and Globular
These have an elongated shape, form muscles, bones, tendons, and connective tissues. Water Insoluble. Examples include Keratin and Collagen.
Fibrous
They have a spherical shape, have many functions like regulation, and transport, and serve as catalysts. Water soluble. Examples include enzymes, antibodies, and hemoglobin.
Globular
Are the sugar molecule deoxyribose.
Nitrogenous bases
The backbone of the nucleotide chain are the sugar and the phosphate molecules.
Polynucleotides
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of RNA?
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine.
What does DNA mean?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA mean?
Ribonucleic Acid
Is the process of creating protein molecules.
Protein Synthesis
Each Nucleotide consists of?
a. Nitrogenous Base
b. Five Carbon Sugar Molecule
c. Phosphate Group
DNA to RNA
Transcription
RNA to Protein
Translation
DNA to DNA
Replication
Proteins are made in the?
Ribosomes
Are the building blocks of life
Amino Acids and Proteins
A chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Polypeptide
Holds genetic information
DNA
Transcribes and regulates the genetic information
RNA
____ are sequences of DNA that code for the molecule that has a function. Sometimes ____ code act as instructions to make proteins.
Gene
