Menstrual cycle abnormalities

Question 1

5 category of amenorrhea to consider when evaluating

Answer 1

outflow tract abnormality

ovarian disorder

pituitary disorder

hypothalamus disorder

endocrine disorder that interferes with the HPO axis

Question 2

causes UNIQUE to primary amenorrhea
anomalies of the outflow tract

Answer 2

Turner syndrome - (45, X0 karyotype)

(remember, an NIPT screens for aneuploidies via karyotypes - 3rd bucket!)
30-40% of adolescents with primary amenorrhea

structural abnormalities of the outflow tract (uterus, vagina, hymen).

central anomalies of the HPO axis

Question 3

Secondary amenorrhea

Answer 3

absence of menses for 3 months in a previously menstruating person
OR
absence of menses for 9 months in a person who has experienced previous irregular menses with fewer than 9 cycles in a year

incidence of secondary amenorrhea UNRELATED to pregnancy is only about 5%
up to 80% in athletes