MENSTRUAL CYCLE Flashcards
At the end of the follicular phase (just prior to ovulation), FSH-induced LH receptors are present on the cells, and with LH stimulation, modulate the secretion of progesterone.
Answer: False
Rationale: At the end of the follicular phase, the antral follicle contains oocytes that are fully grown and activation will have to wait for the ovulatory LH surge.
Ovulation heralds the transition to the follicular/ proliferative phase.
Answer: False
Rationale: Ovulation heralds the transition to the luteal phase.
The estrogen level decreases through the early luteal phase in a continuation of a process that begins just before ovulation and continues until the mid luteal phase, where it begins to rise again as a result of corpus luteum secretion.
Answer: False
Rationale: Hallmark of corpus luteum: progesterone secretion
At the end of the follicular phase (just prior to ovulation), FSH-induced LH receptors are present on the cells, and with LH stimulation, modulate the secretion of progesterone.
Answer: False
Rationale: At the end of the follicular phase, the antral follicle contains oocytes that are fully grown and activation will have to wait for the ovulatory LH surge.
After a sufficient degree of progesterone stimulation, the pituitary LH surge is triggered, which is the proximate cause of ovulation that occurs 24-36 hours later.
Answer: False
Rationale: LH surge is preceded by the estrogen peak, and after sufficient degree of estrogenic stimulation, the pituitary LH surge is triggered which is the proximate cause of the ovulation that occurs 24-36 hours later, this is the signal from the ovary that LH is already capsule overlying mature follicle, your ovulation transitioned to the luteal or secretory phase.
Estrogen levels rise precipitously after ovulation and can be used as a presumptive sign that ovulation has occurred.
TRUE
After ovulation, the proliferative endometrium undergoes a rapid secretory differentiation; well-developed subnuclear glycogen rich vacuoles appear. This correlates with a total lack of mitosis in the glands.
TRUE
Just after menstruation, the endometrium is only 1-2 mm thick and consists mainly of stratum functionale and a few glands.
Answer: False
Rationale: Just after menses: endometrium is 1-2 mm; consists of stratum basale and portion of the spongiosum.
By the 5th day of menses, the epithelial surface of the endometrium has been restored, and revascularization will be in progress.
Answer: False
Rationale: 5th day of endometrial cycle: epithelial surface of the endometrium resotration and revascularization.
Women with PCOS has elevated LH:FSH ratio
TRUE
True of GnRH pulsatile secretion
a. In the late follicular phase, there is an
increase only in the frequency of pulses.
b. During the luteal phase, however, there is a progressive lengthening of the interval between pulses as well as a decrease in the
amplitude.
c. A low GnRH pulse frequency
favors LH synthesis.
d. A high GnRH pulse frequency favors FSH
synthesis.
B
Endometrial gland becomes longer and curved.
a. Early proliferative
b. Mid Proliferative
c. Late proliferative
d. Ovulation
B
Days 8-10 of the menstrual cycle
a. Early proliferative
b. Mid Proliferative
c. Early secretory
d. Late secretory
A
Estradiol action diminishes by what day/s of menstrual cycle?
a. Day 17
b. Day 18
c. Day 19
d. Day 20-24
C
The stroma becomes edematous during what day/s of the menstrual cycle.
a. Day 17
b. Day 18
c. Day 19
d. Day 20-24
D
Activin is a glycoprotein that
a. Stimulates FSH release
b. Promotes luteinization
c. Has no structural relationship to inhibin
d. Has no autocrine function
A
The process through which the corpus luteum develops from the remains of the graafian follicle?
a. Graafian transformation
b. Dominance
c. Luteinization
d. Luteolysis
C
Which cell of the dominant follicle are responsible for estrogen production during the follicular phase of menstrual cycle?
a. Theca
b. Granulosa
c. Decidual
d. endometrial
B
Which prostaglandins play a role in vasoconstriction of spiral arteries, leading to menstruation?
a. Prostaglandin E1
b. Prostaglandin E2
c. Prostaglandin F2A
d. Prostaglandin D2
C
The sequence of events leading to menstruation is:
a. Coiling of arteries, vasoconstriction, decrease in endometrial thickness,vasodilation, menses
b. Coiling of arteries, vasodilation,vasoconstriction, decreased endometrial thickness, menses
c. Decreased endometrial thickness, coiling of
arteries, vasoconstriction, vasodilation,menses
d. Vasoconstriction, coiling of arteries, decrease
in endometrial thickness, vasodilation, menses
C
By term, the myometrium is only __ to __ thick
1 to 2 cm thick
Non-pregnant Uterus
weight?
capacity?
WEIGHT = 70g
CAPACITY = 10 mL or less
Pregnant Uterus
weight?
capacity?
WEIGHT = 1,100 g at term
CAPACITY = 5 - 20 liters and 1-2cm thick
Uterus shape in pregnancy
PIRIFORM or PEAR shaped
at 1st 12 weks
DEXTROROTATION (because of rectosigmoid)
Appears unpredictably and sporadically and are usually nonrhythmic, measured at 5 and 25 mmHg.
BRAXTON HICKS (3rd trimester)
Vasodilators
- Nitric oxide
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Relaxin
- Adipocytokines
Vasoconstrictors
- Nicotine
- Cathecholamines
softeningof the cervix
GOODELL SIGN
bluish discoloration of the cervix
CHADWICK SIGN
Poor crystallization of cervical mucus as a result of progesterone when cervical mucus is spread and dried on a glass slide.
BEADING
arborization of ice-like crystals due to leakage of amniotic fluid as a result of amniotic fluid leakage.
FERNING
Rich in immunoglobulins and cytokines and may act as an immunological barrier to protect the uterine contents against infection.
MUCUS PLUG
