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MD4001 Anatomy > Meninges, venous drainage of the brain and CSF > Flashcards

Meninges, venous drainage of the brain and CSF Flashcards

1
Q

What mater dips into the crevices of the brain?

A

Only pia

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2
Q

what are cerebral arteries embedded in?

A

Pia mater

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3
Q

What mater acts as a sealed bag for CSF?

A

Arachnoid mater

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4
Q

What are arachnoid trabeculae?

A

Extentions of arachnoid mater to the pia mater which help to keep the brain suspended in place.

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5
Q

What mater are the branches of the middle meningeal artery carried in and supply?

A

Dura

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6
Q

What are cisterns?

A

Spaces filled with CSF

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7
Q

Where is the interpeduncular cistern found?

A

In between the 2 cerebral peduncles of the midbrain

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8
Q

Where is the cisterna pontis found?

A

Just caudal to the buldge of the pons

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9
Q

Where is the superior cistern found?

A
  • Dorsal to midbrain and superior and inferior colliculi
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10
Q

Where is the cisterna magna (cerebellomedullaris) found?

A
  • Posterior to cerebellum and in posterior fossa of the brain
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11
Q

What is the clinical significance of the cisterna magna?

A

One of the places where CSF can be taken from if spinal cord cannot be reached - can cause subarachnoid haemorrhage

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12
Q

Where do berry aneurysms occur?

A
  • Arterial circle of Willis which lies in subarachnoid space
  • Frequent site is where posterior communicating artery arises from the Internal carotid artery
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13
Q

What are the ‘tooth-like’ connective tissues of pia mater which attach to the dura mater called?

A

Denticulate ligaments

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14
Q

At what level does a lumbar puncture usually take place?

A
  • Below L2

- Usually L4/5

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15
Q

Where do the veins of the brain lie?

A

Subarachnoid space

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16
Q

What do the veins of the brain drain into?

A

Cranial venous sinuses

17
Q

How are venous sinuses arranged?

A

Along the borders of folds of dura (falx cerebri,

18
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Compartmentalises the brain into cerebrum (occipital lobes) and cerebellum (tent like structure of dura)

19
Q

What is the sinus called that follow the falx cerebri?

A

The superior sagittal sinus

20
Q

Where does the transverse sinus lie?

A

On the border of the tentorium cerebelli

21
Q

What are the main sinuses which drain into the confluence of sinuses?

A
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Transverse sinus
  • Straight sinus
22
Q

What veins drain into the straight sinus?

A
  • Inferior sagittal sinus

- Great cerebral vein of galen

23
Q

What is the tentorial notch?

A
  • Anterior opening between the free edge of the cerebellar tentorium and the clivus for the passage of the brainstem
  • Midbrain continues with the thalamus of the diencephalon through the tentorial notch
24
Q

What is a trans-tentorial herniation?

A
  • Increase in intracranial pressure can cause part of brain (temporal lobe) to be pulled down into tentorial notch
25
Q

What is the clinical significant of the cavernous sinus?

A

Thrombus can get caught here - abducens and carotid artery lie beside as well as sympathetic plexus, oculomotor, trochlear, V1 and 2 of trigeminal

26
Q

What can cavernous sinuses receive infection from?

A
  • Opthalmic or facial veins can cause thrombus
27
Q

Veins bridgining into sinuses can become fragile in what diseases?

A
  • Where the brain is atrophied (e.g alcoholism)

- Can cause subdural haemorrhage

28
Q

How much CSF is in the brain?

A

150ml produced at 0.5ml/min and turns over 4 times a day

- 500ml per day

29
Q

What is the grey matter right next to the lateral ventricles called?

A

Caudate nucleus

30
Q

Where is the CSF found - how is it divided?

A
  • 75 ml in cisterns
  • 50 ml in subarach. space
  • 25 ml in ventricles
31
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

Coreof vascular tissue (in pia) covered by an epithelium which secretes cerebrspinal fluid
- Epithelium differentiated from ependyma - classified as glial

32
Q

Where is CSF created?

A
  • Formed in choroid plexus (in ventricles) (up to half from blood vessels surrounding the ventricles)
33
Q

How does CSF flow out from the ventricles?

A

Flows out of ventricle system into subarachnoid space via apertures in 4th ventricle

34
Q

What are the apertures called by which CSF flows out to reach the subarachnoid space?

A
  • Paired lateral apertures (Luschka)

- Single median (Magendie)

35
Q

What sinus does the CSF specifically drain into?

A

Superior sagittal via arachnoid granulations

36
Q

How is hydrocephalus treated?

A

Shunt from frontal horn of LVs to abdominal cavity (some cases the heart)

37
Q

What are the 2 main types of hydrocephalus?

A
  • Communicative - overproduction / blocked absorption of CSF

- Non-communicative - due to blocked transport

MD4001 Anatomy (7 decks)

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