meninges and Haemotomas

Question 1

the ??? mater is a thick, non-elastic layer that is composed of a meningeal and periosteal layer

Answer 1

dura mater

Question 2

The periosteal dura of the dura mater attaches to INNEr or OUTER surface of the skull

Answer 2

inner

Question 3

The meningeal dura of the ???attaches to arachnoid on one side and periosteal layer of the dura on other EXCEPT at dural reflections where meningeal layer pulls away from periosteal layer

Answer 3

dura mater

Question 4

Dura mater extensions are called
- falx ??? sickle-shaped, lies between cerebral hemispheres
-falx ??? lies between cerebellar hemispheres
- tentorium cerebelli covers the cerebellum

Answer 4

• falx cerebri
• falx cerebelli

Question 5

TRUE or FALSE: There is an extension of dura mater called the filum terminale external that attaches the spinal cord to the coccyx bone for cord stability

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Herniation syndromes occur when brain tissue and blood vessels are moved or pressed away from usual position inside the skull. Due to brain swelling/bleeding from a head injury, ???, or brain tumor.

Answer 6

stroke

Question 7

??? is a herniation that occur in the supra-tentorial compartment when the ??? of the temporal lobe herniates into the anterior part of the opening of the tentorial notch

Answer 7

uncal herniation
uncus

Question 8

the following symptom triad is a sign of what herniation:
- Dilated pupil
- Hemiplegia
- Coma

Answer 8

uncal herniation

Question 9

During an ??? herniation, compression of the following occurs:
- occulomotor nerve =pupil dilation
- Cerebral peduncles = loss/weakness of movement to the opposite side of the body
- brainstem = unconsciousness

Answer 9

uncus

Question 10

??? herniation occurs in the supra-tentorial compartment =
Downward movement of the thalamic region and brainstem through the tentorial notch.
Can lead to bilateral uncal herniation

Answer 10

Central

Question 11

??? (subfalcine) herniation occurs in the supra-tentorial compartment.

Answer 11

Cingulate

Question 12

what type of herniation in the supra-tentorial compartment can cause displacement of the cingulate cortex under the falx cerberi. May be associated with anterior cerebral artery occlusion as this artery runs along the cingulate cortex

Answer 12

Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation

Question 13

Upward cerebellar herniation is a type of herniation that occurs in the ??? compartment and leads to upwards transtentorial herniation of posterior fossa contents

Answer 13

infratentorial

Question 14

??? herniation (also called Chiari malformation) is a downward herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum. Compression of the medulla =
- Respiratory arrest
- Blood pressure instability
- Death

Answer 14

Tonsillar

Question 15

tonsillar herniation is a type of ??? compartment herniation

Answer 15

infratentorial

Question 16

The spinal dura has how many layers?

Answer 16

1

Question 17

what type of layer is the spinal dura, meningeal or periosteal?

Answer 17

meningeal

Question 18

whihc meninge has a thin cell layer with arachnoid trabeculae

Answer 18

arachnoid

Question 19

CSF produced in the choroid plexus flows in the sub-arachnoid space
which is made between the arachnoid and ???

Answer 19

pia mater

Question 20

Subarachnoid cisterns are places where the sub??? space is enlarged due to the shape of the brain

Answer 20

subarachnoid

Question 21

• Interpeduncular cistern
• Quadrigeminal cistern
• Cisterna magna
• Prepontine cistern
• Lamina terminalis cistern
• Lumber cistern
  These are all types of what cisterns???

Answer 21

subarachnoid cisterns

Question 22

The ??? cistern contains the cauda equina and CSF and can be accessed by a needle between L3/L4 vertebrae

Answer 22

lumber

Question 23

TRUE or FALSE: A lumber puncture is used to collect samples of CSF or inject contrast e.g. Myelogram

Answer 23

True

Question 24

which meninges of the brain tightly covers all external contours of the brain?

Answer 24

pia mater

Question 25

which meninge of the brain is highly vascular, vessels lie on outer surface of this layer?

Answer 25

pia mater

Question 26

denticulate ligaments (attach lateral cord to arachnoid/ dura and provide lateral stability) are a speciality of spinal ??? layer

Answer 26

pia

Question 27

filium terminale (internum) attach bottom of the cord to the filum terminale (external) which then attaches to the coccyx bone providing cord stability. This is a specialisation of the spinal ??? layer

Answer 27

pia

Question 28

An ACTUAL or POTENTIAL space is when two meningeal layers are NOT adhered to each other. Under normal circumstances there is a space between two meningeal layers which maybe filled with fat or CSF

Answer 28

ACTUAL

Question 29

An ACTUAL or POTENTIAL space is when two layers are adhered to each other but under pathological conditions eg haemorrhage, a space (filled with blood) can be formed between the two layers

Answer 29

Potential

Question 30

Epidural (extradural) space (around the brain) sits between the skull and dura and is an ACTUAL or POTENTIAL space?

Answer 30

Potential space

Question 31

in the brain, the middle meningeal artery runs in this potential space, closely adhered to the inside of the skull and damage to this artery causes ??? haemotoma

Answer 31

epidural haemotoma

Question 32

Epidural space (around the spinal cord), sits between the vertebrae and dura and is POTENTIAL or ACTUAL space?

Answer 32

Actual space

Question 33

Subdural space sits between the dura and arachnoid and is a POTENTIAL or ACTUAL space?

Answer 33

Potential space

Question 34

Subarachnoid space sits between arachnoid and Pia, CSF runs through here. this is an ACTUAL or POTENTIAL space?

Answer 34

actual space