Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 1

CSF provides buoyancy for brain, cushions against injury, removes waste products and is produced by the ???

Answer 1

choroid plexi of the ventricles

Question 2

Choroid plexus is a convoluted, vascularised network lying in FLOOR or ROOF of the ventricles?

Answer 2

floor

Question 3

CSF flows from the ventricles OUT (exits) through the lateral and medial foramen (ie foramina of Luschka and Magendie) at the caudal end of the 4th or 3rd (?) ventricle into the subarachnoid space

Answer 3

4th ventricle

Question 4

CSF flow: lateral ventricles -> intraventricular foramen -> ??? ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> enters ??? ventricle -> exits this ventricle’s foramen of magendie and luschka -> subarachnoid space -> dural sinuses via arachnoid granulations

Answer 4

3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

Question 5

TRUE or FALSE: There is no barrier between brain tissue and CSF, hence waste products produced by the brain and spinal cord are dumped into the CSF

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Total CSF volume in the brain at one time is ~150 ml, with all of it being replaced in ??? hrs

Answer 6

5-7 hrs

Question 7

Arachnoid villi/granulations are balloon-like projections of the arachnoid into the ??? sinus. As pressure in the subarachnoid space builds up (due to constant production of CSF ), CSF is forced through arachnoid granulations/villi into the dural sinus.

Answer 7

dural sinus

Question 8

CSF is forced through the arachnoid granulations/villi into the dural sinus. This is SELECTIVE or NON-SELECTIVE and flow is one-way only (is from subarachnoid space into the sinus)

Answer 8

Non-selective

Question 9

all waste in CSF leaves sinuses via the internal ??? vein. this is same for blood waste which also ends up in dural sinus and leaves via this vein

Answer 9

internal jugular

Question 10

Hydrocephalus means “Water on the brain” and occurs when too much ??? is in brain due to
- overproduction
- obstructed flow
- impaired removal

Answer 10

CSF

Question 11

Communicating or non-communicating (?) hydrocephalus describes condition when there is no obstruction to the flow of CSF through the ventricles and subarachnoid space

Answer 11

communicating

Question 12

what type of hydrocephalus occurs due to:
- impaired CSF absorption at arachnoid granulations (e.g can be caused by meningitis (i.e. infection of the meninges) resulting in damage to arachnoid granulations)
- Excess CSF production (rare)

Answer 12

communicating hydrocephalus

Question 13

??? hydrocephalus: occurs due to obstruction of CSF flow within the ventricles e.g due to tumour growth, intraventricular haemorrhage.
Can also occur due to a chiari malformation in which cerebellum tonsils are pulled down, blocking exit of CSF from 4th ventricle

Answer 13

Non-communicating

Question 14

Which type of hydrocephalus most commonly occurs at narrow points e.g. cerebral aqueduct is the most likely location

Answer 14

non-communicating hydrocephalus

Question 15

TRUE or FALSE: A shunt can be installed to drain excess CSF for adults e.g. ventriculo-peritoneal shunt

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

CSF flows alongside arteries and is forced into the perivascular spaces that enter the brain. There, it interchanges with interstitial fluid, forming the ??? vasculature.

Answer 16

glymphatic

Question 17

??? transport uses energy from arteries pulsing and from the pressure created as CSF is made. This interchange results in the collection of waste products, such as metabolites and proteins, and their transfer to CSF, which carries them out of the brain to sites where CSF drains.

Answer 17

Glymphatic