*Mendelian genetics

Question 0

Define Mendelian traits

Answer 0

Characteristics that are influenced by alleles at only one genetic locus (location on the chromosome)
-Most mendelian traits aren’t physical (phenotype)
Examples; many genetic disorders such as the presence of many blood types, sickle cell, and anemia

Question 1

Define principle of segregation

Answer 1

genes occur in pairs

Question 2

define recessive

Answer 2

an allele in the hetrozygotes pair that isn’t expressed. For it to be expressed their needs to be two copies (homozygotes)

Question 3

Define dominant

Answer 3

the allele that is expressed in the presence of another allele. Dominant alleles prevent the recessive allele from showing.

Question 4

Define alleles

Answer 4

you’re genes. They influences your traits. Located on the chromosome

Question 5

Define locus

Answer 5

the position on the chromosome where the allele is

Question 6

define homozygous

Answer 6

having the same allele (both parents have brown eyes)

Question 7

define phenotype

Answer 7

physical expression of the gene.

Question 8

define genotype

Answer 8

an individuals genetic makeup

Question 9

Most Mendelian traits are what kind of allele?

Answer 9

Harming biochemical alleles

Question 10

define co-dominance

Answer 10

an expression of two alleles in a heterozygous pair
-neither is dominant or recessive, they both show
example; your blood type

Question 11

define structural genes?

Answer 11

Contain information to make a protein

Question 12

Define Regulatory Genes?

Answer 12

genes that guide the expression of structural genes.

Question 13

Having an 0 blood type means that you miss what in your allelle?

Answer 13

It means an absence of the protein in the allelle

Question 14

What causes obesity?

Answer 14

Complex interaction between genes, environment and phenotypes

Question 15

What did Gregor Mendel discover?

Answer 15

Basic principles of inheritance

Question 16

What’s the law of independent assortment?

Answer 16

alleles separate independently from one another

Question 17

Define sex linked genes

Answer 17

some traits are linked together and tend to be inherited together. Most sex linked genes are carried on the X chromosome.

Question 18

Define mutation

Answer 18

any change in a DNA sequence that becomes established in a daughter cell

Question 19

define point mutation

Answer 19

mutation that occurs when a single base is changed (not both pairs)
Example sick cell anemia

Question 20

What happens when a good mutation occurs?

Answer 20

It increases the organisms ability to survive and reproduce

Mutations are a source of variation - no variation, no natural selection!

Question 21

Define Concordance.

Answer 21

To share a trait - such as allergies in twins.

Question 22

What are polygenic Traits?

Answer 22

Continuous traits. eg- Hair colour, eye colour, weight. Some of these traits interact with the environment - like weight.