**Biology of contemperary and past human populations Flashcards
define epidemic
-outbreak of disease exceeding the normal level of occurrence
What is the epidemiology Transition model?
- Age of pestilence and famine
- age of receding pandemics
- age of degenerative and man made disease
Define pathogens
-microorganisms that cause disease
Define slash and burn agriculture
-standing pools of water where misquitos breed: malaria
Irrigation can lead to..?
Schistomaisis
Deforestation and logging can lead to what kind of disease?
-zoonotic disease ( from wild animal to human..such as HIV)
Things that can lead to infectious disease:
-economic disruption
-poverty
-poor sanitation
-sexual behaviour
-movement of people (airplanes)
-large foodscale production
-
What is antibiotic resistance?
- overuse of antibiotics
- failure to take food course of antibiotics
- use of antibiotics in animals we eat
This may be a reason that TB has resurfaced
Why do Canadians have an increased growth compared to amazon or Nepal?
- good nutrition, hygiene and good medical care
Define senecence
-the biological process by rich a human reaches a certain age
Define main factors that contribute to aging
- diet
- physical activity
- smoking
- hormones
- genetics
- individual variation
What is the healthy immigrant effect?
-obesity rates of immigrants go up once they move to a obese country
Define acculturalization
?
Nutritional Adaptation
We are genetically built to eat a very different diet than we do (standard American diet)
What is bioarcheology?
- the study of human remains from archeological contexts
- health, diet, lifestyle, occupation
What are some challenges we face when studying past diseases?
- only chronic conditions leave marks on bones
- incomplete remains
- may die before lesions on bones develop
- the sample may not represent population (gender ect)
What is the osteological paradox?
-do the legions develop on the unhealthiest of adults or are the on the healthiest because they survived so long with that disease
What is linear enamel hypoplasia?
-permanent linear defects in enamel due to stress (could be nutrients ect)
What do stable carbon and nitrogenous isotropics analysis show?
-foods eaten, marine vs terrestrial foods
