**Biology of contemperary and past human populations

Question 1

define epidemic

Answer 1

-outbreak of disease exceeding the normal level of occurrence

Question 2

What is the epidemiology Transition model?

Answer 2

• Age of pestilence and famine
• age of receding pandemics
• age of degenerative and man made disease

Question 3

Define pathogens

Answer 3

-microorganisms that cause disease

Question 4

Define slash and burn agriculture

Answer 4

-standing pools of water where misquitos breed: malaria

Question 5

Irrigation can lead to..?

Answer 5

Schistomaisis

Question 6

Deforestation and logging can lead to what kind of disease?

Answer 6

-zoonotic disease ( from wild animal to human..such as HIV)

Question 7

Things that can lead to infectious disease:

Answer 7

-economic disruption
-poverty
-poor sanitation
-sexual behaviour
-movement of people (airplanes)
-large foodscale production
-

Question 8

What is antibiotic resistance?

Answer 8

• overuse of antibiotics
• failure to take food course of antibiotics
• use of antibiotics in animals we eat

This may be a reason that TB has resurfaced

Question 9

Why do Canadians have an increased growth compared to amazon or Nepal?

Answer 9

• good nutrition, hygiene and good medical care

Question 10

Define senecence

Answer 10

-the biological process by rich a human reaches a certain age

Question 11

Define main factors that contribute to aging

Answer 11

• diet
• physical activity
• smoking
• hormones
• genetics
• individual variation

Question 12

What is the healthy immigrant effect?

Answer 12

-obesity rates of immigrants go up once they move to a obese country

Question 13

Define acculturalization

Answer 13

?

Question 14

Nutritional Adaptation

Answer 14

We are genetically built to eat a very different diet than we do (standard American diet)

Question 15

What is bioarcheology?

Answer 15

• the study of human remains from archeological contexts

- health, diet, lifestyle, occupation

Question 16

What are some challenges we face when studying past diseases?

Answer 16

• only chronic conditions leave marks on bones
• incomplete remains
• may die before lesions on bones develop
• the sample may not represent population (gender ect)

Question 17

What is the osteological paradox?

Answer 17

-do the legions develop on the unhealthiest of adults or are the on the healthiest because they survived so long with that disease

Question 18

What is linear enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 18

-permanent linear defects in enamel due to stress (could be nutrients ect)

Question 19

What do stable carbon and nitrogenous isotropics analysis show?

Answer 19

-foods eaten, marine vs terrestrial foods