memory - types of long term memory

Question 1

what is declarative memory

Answer 1

memory that can be put into words

Question 2

what is non declarative memory

Answer 2

memory that is difficult to put into words

Question 3

what is explicit memory

Answer 3

memory that is consciously recalled

Question 4

what is implicit memory

Answer 4

memory that cannot be consciously recalled

Question 5

which types of memory are declarative and explicit

Answer 5

semantic and episodic

Question 6

which type of memory is non declarative and implicit

Answer 6

procedural

Question 7

what is semantic memory

Answer 7

facts, meanings and concepts about the world

Question 8

what is episodic memory

Answer 8

memory of experiences

Question 9

what is procedural memory

Answer 9

memory of skills

Question 10

how are the different types of ltm time stamped

Answer 10

episodic: time stamped with reference to time and place

semantic: not time stamped as may not recall when learnt

procedural: not time stamped as often learnt in childhood

Question 11

how easy are the different types of ltm to forget

Answer 11

episodic: easiest to forget
semantic: resistant to forgetting
procedural: very resistant to forgetting

Question 12

what influences the strength of the types of long term memory

Answer 12

episodic: level of emotion felt at time
semantic: how deeply processed
procedural: how many times practiced

Question 13

where are the different types of ltm coded in the brain

Answer 13

episodic: prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
semantic: parahippocampal cortex
procedural: motor cortex and cerebellum

Question 14

what was varga khadems research

Answer 14

he investigated 3 young patients who all had damage to their hippocampus but avoided significant damage to their nearby parahippocampal cortices

Question 15

what were varga khadems findings

Answer 15

all 3 patients had very significant episodic amnesia however all were able to attend school and learn semantic information

Question 16

what do varga khadems findings suggest

Answer 16

semantic and episodic memory are distinct processes using different brain regions

Question 17

who is clive wearing

Answer 17

a man with retrograde amnesia who cannot remember his music education ( episodic ) however he can still play the piano ( procedural ) and remember facts about his life ( semantic ). he is unable to encode new semantic or episodic memories due to also having anterograde amnesia but is able to gain new procedural memories

Question 18

what does the case study of clive wearing suggest about the types of long term memory

Answer 18

that semantic, episodic and procedural memory all exist as separate processes as clive lacks episodic completely, can recall but not encode semantic memories and has a fully functioning procedural memory.

Question 19

what are the strengths of types of ltm

Answer 19

• has allowed researchers to study the brain and memory more scientifically using fMRIS
• allows for development of treatments

Question 20

what are the weaknesses of types of ltm

Answer 20

• studys use people with brain injury, it is unsure what their memory was like before
• semantic and episodic memory seem like the same thing it is argued it should be declarative and non declarative memory