Memory: The Mutli Store Model Flashcards
Who created the multi store model of memory
Atkinson and shiffrin
Outline the ‘sensory register’ as part of the multi store model
- stimulus from environment passes into the sensory register
- this store is actually several, one for each of our 5 senses
- main stores are called iconic memory (visual info) and echoic memory (auditory info)
- duration >1/2 a second
- high capacity
Outline the STM as a part of the multi store model
- limited capacity store (7+/-2)
- info is coded acoustically and lasts around 30 seconds unless rehearsed
- maintenance rehearsal occurs when we repeat material to ourselves over and over
- if this is done enough, it passes into the LTM
Outline the LTM as part of the multi store model
- potentially permanent memory store
- capacity believed to be unlimited
- typically coded semantically
- when we want to recall info stored in the LTM, it has to be transferred back to the STM by retrieval
What are the three evaluation points for the multi store model of memory
- supporting research evidence
- evidence suggests there is more than one type of STM, so not a unitary store
- also more than one type of rehearsal
Outline ‘supporting research evidence’ as an evaluation point for the multi store model of memory
- research studies show that the STM and LTM are qualitatively different
- e.g. Baddeley - we mix up words that sound similar when we use our STM but mix up words that have similar meanings when we use our LTM
- this shows coding in STM is acoustic and semantic in LTM
Outline ‘evidence suggests there is more than one type of STM’ as an evaluation point for the multi store model of memory
- MSM states STM is a unitary store
- evidence from individuals suffering from amnesia show this can’t be true
- shallice and Warrington - studied KF, his STM for digits was poor when they were read to him, but better when he read them
-so at the least, there must be one STM store to process visual info and one to process auditory info
Outline ‘more than one type of rehearsal’ as an evaluation point for the multi store model of memory
- MSM argues that what matters most in rehearsal is the amount you do
- Craik and Watkins found that what is important is the TYPE of rehearsal
- they discovered 2 types of rehearsal: maintenance rehearsal (as stated in MSM) and elaborative rehearsal (needed for long term storage)
What is the multi store model
an informational processing model
- proposes that info moves from one store to another in a linear, sequential way
- It explains how info is forgotten (e.g. without rehearsal)
what two ways can info be forgotten according to the MSM
- decay - when info that is not rehearsed leaves a memory store + is forgotten
- displacement - older info is pushed out of the STM by newer info. This occurs when the capacity of the STM is exceeded
