Memory: The Information-Processing Model

Question 1

the very first stage of memory, where raw information from the senses is held for a very brief period of time

Answer 1

Sensory Memory

Question 2

visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second

Answer 2

Iconic Memory

Question 3

the ability to access a visual memory for 30 seconds or more

Answer 3

Eidetic Memory

Question 4

auditory sensory memory, lasting only 2–4 seconds

Answer 4

Echoic Memory

Question 5

the memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used

Answer 5

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Question 6

the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input

Answer 6

Selective Attention

Question 7

an active system that processes the information in short-term memory

Answer 7

Working Memory

Question 8

practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one’s head in order to maintain it in short-term memory

Answer 8

Maintenance Rehearsal

Question 9

the system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently

Answer 9

Long-Term Memory

Question 10

a method of transferring information from STM into LTM by making that information meaningful in some way

Answer 10

Elaborative Rehearsal

Question 11

type of long-term memory including memory for skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned responses; these memories are not conscious but are implied to exist because they affect conscious behavior

Answer 11

Nondeclarative (Implicit) Memory

Question 12

loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories.

Answer 12

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 13

type of long-term memory containing information that is conscious and known

Answer 13

Declarative (Explicit) Memory

Question 14

type of declarative memory containing general knowledge, such as knowledge of language and information learned in formal education

Answer 14

Semantic Memory

Question 15

type of declarative memory containing personal information not readily available to others, such as daily activities and events

Answer 15

Episodic Memory

Question 16

model of memory organization that assumes information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion, with concepts that are related stored physically closer to each other than concepts that are not highly related

Answer 16

Semantic Network Model