Memory Tasks And Models

Question 1

is the means by which we retain and draw on information from our past experiences to use in the present

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

you produce a fact, a word, or other item from memory. Fill-in-the-blank and most essay tests
require that you recall items from memory.

Answer 2

Recall

Question 3

you select or identify an item as being one that you have been exposed to previously

Answer 3

Recognition

Question 4

You transform sensory data into a form of mental presentation

Answer 4

Encoding

Question 5

You keep encoded information in memory

Answer 5

Storage

Question 6

You pull out or use information stored in memory

Answer 6

Retrieval

Question 7

You recall items in the exact order in which they were
presented

Answer 7

Serial Recall

Question 8

you recall items in any order you choose

Answer 8

Free Recall

Question 9

you recall items in any order you choose

Answer 9

Free recall

Question 10

you are first shown items in pairs, but during recall you
are cued with only one member of each pair and are
asked to recall each mate

Answer 10

Cued Recall

Question 11

You must recall facts.

Answer 11

Declarative knowledge

Question 12

is a piece of information that a person is aware of knowing, such as the author of their favorite book

Answer 12

Declarative knowledge tasks

Question 13

You must produce a fact, a word, or other item memory.

Answer 13

Recall Tasks

Question 14

are an effective way to boost learning and memory. These tasks involve recalling information without the use of any cues or help

Answer 14

Recall tasks

Question 15

You must select or otherwise identify an item as being one that you learned previously

Answer 15

Recognition tasks

Question 16

You must select or otherwise identify an item as being one that you learned previously

Answer 16

Recognition tasks

Question 17

is the mental familiarity with information

Answer 17

Recognition Tasks

Question 18

You must remember learned skills and automatic behaviors, rather than facts.

Answer 18

Procedural knowledge

Question 19

is the knowledge about how to do something. This can involve knowledge about the steps in a process, such as baking a cake or changing the oil in a vehicle. The knowledge of procedure involves all the basic steps in how to perform a task or activity

Answer 19

procedural Knowledge

Question 20

participants engage in conscious
recollection. For example, they might
recall or recognize words, facts, or
pictures from a particular prior set of
items.

Answer 20

Explicit Memory

Question 21

we use information from memory but are not consciously aware that we are doing

Answer 21

Implicit Memory

Question 22

sometimes examined by having people
perform word-completion tasks that are based on the priming effect

Answer 22

Implicit Memory

Question 23

the facilitation of your ability to utilize missing
information

Answer 23

Priming

Question 24

Can be tested in implicit-memory
tasks as well.

Answer 24

Procedural Memory

Question 25

which holds temporary information currently in use

Answer 25

Primary Memory

Question 26

which holds information permanently or at least for a very long time.

Answer 26

Secondary Memory

Question 27

capable of storing relatively limited amounts of information very brief periods

Answer 27

Sensory Store

Question 28

capable of storing information for somewhat longer periods but of relatively limited capacity as well

Answer 28

Short-term Memory Store

Question 29

capable of very large capacity and of storing information for very long periods, perhaps even indefinitely

Answer 29

Long term Store

Question 30

Researchers who proposed a model of memory distinguishing two structures of memory first

Answer 30

Arkinson’s and Shiffrin’s Memory Model

Question 31

is a radical departure from Atkinson and Shiffrin’s multistore model of memory.

Answer 31

Levels-of -processing Model

Question 32

suggests that memory does not comprise three or even any specific number of separate stores, but rather it varies along a continuous dimension in terms of depth of encoding

Answer 32

Levels of Processing Model

Question 33

Visually apparent features of the letters

Answer 33

Physical/structural

Question 34

Sound combinations associated with the letters

Answer 34

Phonological

Question 35

Meaning of the word

Answer 35

Semantic

Question 36

probably the most widely used and accepted model today.

Answer 36

Working Memory Model

Question 37

briefly holds some visual images, as when you picture the way your best friend looks or when you work on a puzzle.

Answer 37

Visuospatial Sketchpad

Question 38

It contains both spatial and visual information, but some evidence indicates that actually two separate mechanisms within the visuospatial sketchpad deal with spatial and visual information

Answer 38

Visuospatial Sketchpad

Question 39

briefly stores mainly verbal information for verbal comprehension and for acoustic rehearsal.

Answer 39

Phonological Loop

Question 40

which allocates attention within working memory.

Answer 40

Central executive

Question 41

decides how to divide attention between two or more tasks that need to be done at the same time, or how to switch attention back and forth between multiple tasks

Answer 41

Central executive

Question 42

Imagine what your life would be like if you were able to remember every word printed in this book. In this case, you would be considered a?

Answer 42

Mnemonist

Question 43

someone who demonstrates extraordinarily keen memory ability, usually based on using special techniques for memory enhancemen

Answer 43

Mnemonist

Question 44

is the experience of sensations in a sensory modality different from the sense that has been physically stimulated

Answer 44

Synesthesia

Question 45

is a neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway (for example, hearing) leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway (such as vision)

Answer 45

Synesthesia

Question 46

an extreme degree of retentiveness and recall, with unusual clarity of memory images

Answer 46

Hyperamnesia

Question 47

Individuals lose their purposeful memory for events before whatever trauma induces memory loss

Answer 47

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 48

is severe loss of explicit memory

Answer 48

Amnesia

Question 49

is a type of memory loss that occurs when you can't form new memories. In the most extreme cases, this means you permanently lose the ability to learn or retain any new information. On its own, this type of memory loss is rare

Answer 49

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 50

the inability to recall events that happened when we were very young

Answer 50

Infantile Amnesia

Question 51

disease of older adults that causes dementia as well as progressive memory

Answer 51

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 52

This is used for a number of everyday tasks, including sounding out new and difficult words and solving word problems.

Answer 52

phonological loop