Lesson 1

Question 1

The study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about the information.

Answer 1

Cognitive Psychology

Question 2

This includes: Memory, Problem solving , Decision Making, Reading, Attention, Language

Answer 2

Cognitive Psychology

Question 3

Cognitive Psychology Involves:

Answer 3

Memory, Problem Solving, Decision Making, Reading, Attention, Language

Question 4

A developmental process whereby ideas evolve over time through a back and fourth exchange of ideas.

Answer 4

Dialect

Question 5

One example of dialect in cognitive psychology

Answer 5

Lobotomy, cingulotomy, and collosotomy

Question 6

Less radical form of lobotomy

Answer 6

Leucotomy

Question 7

according to Plato, the route to knowledge is through thinking and logical analysis.

Answer 7

Rationalism / Rationalist

Question 8

In contrast, Aristotle (a naturalist and biologist as well as a philosopher) believe that we acquire knowledge via empirical evidence— through observation and experience.

Answer 8

Empiricism/Empiricist

Question 9

seeks to understand the general nature of many aspects of the world, in part through introspection, the examination of inner ideas and experiences.

Answer 9

Philosophy

Question 10

seeks a scientific study of life-sustaining functions in living matter, primarily through empirical (observation-based) methods.

Answer 10

Physiology

Question 11

He had synthesized that both views must work together in the quest for truth Cognitive Psychology use both to make information/data more meaningful.

Answer 11

Emmanuel Kant

Question 12

Rationalism (Descartes) + Empiricism (Locke)

When synthesis

Answer 12

Both have a role (Kant)

Question 13

German Psychologist and founder of Structuralism

Answer 13

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 14

is the conscious observation of one’s own thinking processes.

Answer 14

Introspection

Question 15

was the first major school of thought in psychology.

Answer 15

Structuralism

Question 16

seeks to understand the structure (configuration of elements) of the mind and its perceptions by analyzing those perceptions into their constituent components (affection, attention, memory, and sensation).

Answer 16

Structuralism

Question 17

Critique of Structuralism

Answer 17

People may not always be able to say exactly what goes through their mind or may not be able to put the accurate words. There may be no accuracy to what they say.

Question 18

American student of Wundt

Answer 18

Edward Titchener

Question 19

American student of Viewed as the FIRST full-pledged.

Answer 19

Edward Titchener

Question 20

His his experiments relied solely on the use of introspection, exploring Psychology from the vantage point of the experiencing individual.

Answer 20

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 21

A leader in guiding functionalism toward pragmatism.

Answer 21

William James (Functionalism)

Question 22

His chief functional contribution to the field of Psychology was a single book: his landmark Principles of Psychology.

Answer 22

William James (Functionalism)

Question 23

seeks to understand what people do and why they do it.

Answer 23

Functionalism

Question 24

It focuses on the processes of thought rather than on it’s contents.

Answer 24

Functionalism

Question 25

They believe that knowledge is validated by its usefulness: What can you do with it?

Answer 25

Pragmatist

Question 26

Early pragmatist who profoundly influenced contemporary thinking in Cognitive Psychology.

Answer 26

John Dewey

Question 27

Remembered primarily for his pragmatic approach to thinking and schooling.

Answer 27

John Dewey (Functionalism)

Question 28

Was the first experimenter to apply associationist principles systematically.

Answer 28

Herman Ebbinghaus

Question 29

He studied his own mental processes.

Answer 29

Herman Ebbinghaus

Question 30

Studied memory and forgetting by using **nonsense syllables**

Answer 30

Herman Ebbinghaus

Question 31

Use to study memory and forgetting

Answer 31

Nonsense syllabus through rehearsal

Question 32

Repetition aids in Learning

Answer 32

Associationism

Question 33

examines how elements of the mind, like events or ideas can become associated with one another in the mind to result in a form of learning

Answer 33

Associationism

Question 34

associating things that tend to occur together at about the same time

Answer 34

Contiguity

Question 35

associating things with similar features or properties

Answer 35

Similarity

Question 36

associating things that show polarities, such as hot/cold, light/dark, day/night.

Answer 36

Contrast

Question 37

Key to forming associations

Answer 37

Role of Association as the stimulus

Question 38

termed this principle the law of effect

Answer 38

Edward Lee Thorndike

Question 39

A stimulus will tend to produce a certain response over time is an organism is rewarded for that response.

Answer 39

Law of effect

Question 40

Proponent Of Classical Conditioning

Answer 40

Ivan Pavlov

Question 41

father of radical behaviorism because he believed that psychologists should concentrate only on the study of observable behavior.

Answer 41

John B. Watson

Question 42

Another radical behaviorist

Answer 42

Burrhus F. Skinner

Question 43

Proponent of Operant Conditioning

Answer 43

Burruhs F. Skinner

Question 44

involving the strengthening or weakening of behavior, contingent on the presence or absence of reinforcement or punishments – could explain all forms of human behavior.

Answer 44

Operant Conditioning

Question 45

focuses only on the relation between observable behavior and environmental events or stimuli.

Answer 45

Behaviorsim

Question 46

The idea is to make physical whatever others might have called “mental”

Answer 46

Behaviorism

Question 47

Critique of behaviorism:

Answer 47

+ did not account as well for complex mental activities such as language learning and problem solving. + More than understanding people’s behavior, some psychologists wanted to know what went on inside the head. + often proved easier to use the techniques of behaviorism in studying nonhuman animals than in studying human ones.

Question 48

Sometimes viewed as a father of modern cognitive psychology.

Answer 48

Edward Tolman

Question 49

He believes that understanding behavior required taking into account the purpose of and the plan for a behavior.

Answer 49

Edward Tolman

Question 50

Noted that learning appears to result not merely from direct rewards for behavior, but it also can be social.

Answer 50

Albert Bandura (Social Cognitive Theory)

Question 51

This view emphasizes how we observe and model our own behavior after the behavior of others. We learn by example.

Answer 51

Social Cognitive Theory

Question 52

The maxim “The whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts”

Answer 52

Gestalt Psychology

Question 53

According to this view, we cannot fully understand behavior when we only break phenomena down into smaller parts.

Answer 53

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts ( Gestalt Psychology)

Question 54

Studies both mental processes and behavior.

Answer 54

Gestalt Psychology

Question 55

Is the belief that much of human behavior can be understood in terms of how people think.

Answer 55

Cognitivism

Question 56

In the early 1950s, a movement called the cognitive revolution took place in response to behaviorism.

Answer 56

Cognitivism

Question 57

by which a computer program would be judged as successful to the extent that its output was indistinguishable by humans from the output of humans.

Answer 57

Turing Test

Question 58

He suggested that soon it would be hard to distinguish the communication of machines from that of humans

Answer 58

Allan Turing

Question 59

Attempt of humans to construct systems that show intelligence and particularly, the intelligent processing of information

Answer 59

Artificial Intelligence

Question 60

His book Cognitive Psychology was especially critical in bringing cogntivism to prominence by informing undergraduates, graduate students and academics about the newly developing field.

Answer 60

Ulric Neisser

Question 61

He defined cognitive psychology as the study of how people learn, structure, store and use knowledge.

Answer 61

Ulric Neisser

Question 62

The Father of Modern Cognitive Psychology

Answer 62

Ulric Neisser

Question 63

the study of how people learn, structure, store and use knowledge.

Answer 63

Cognitive Psychology

Question 64

Proposed detailed models of human thinking and problem solving from the most basic levels to the most complex.

Answer 64

Allen Newell & Herbert Simon

Question 65

Ideally, they use multiple converging types to support their hypotheses. Most cognitive psychologists want to understand more than the what of cognition; most also seek to understand the how and the why of thinking.

Answer 65

Data Gathering & Statistical Analysis

Question 66

is an organized body of general explanatory principles regarding a phenomenon, usually based on observations

Answer 66

Theory

Question 67

tentative proposals regarding expected empirical consequences of the theory, such as the outcomes of research. **Null Hypothesis & Alternative Hypothesis**

Answer 67

Hypothesis

Question 68

In controlled experimental designs, an experimenter usually will conduct research in a laboratory setting.

Answer 68

Laboratory or other controlled experiments

Question 69

investigators study the relationship between cognitive performance and cerebral events and structures.

Answer 69

Neuroscientific Research

Question 70

an individual’s own account of cognitive processes.

Answer 70

Self-Reports

Question 71

in-depth studies of individuals.

Answer 71

Case-Studies

Question 72

detailed studies of cognitive performance in everyday situations and nonlaboratory contexts.

Answer 72

Naturalistic Observations

Question 73

researchers program computers to imitate a given human function or process.

Answer 73

Computer simulation & AI