Memory Studies Flashcards
Sperling (1960)
Sensory Register Capacity
Relatively large capacity despite time constraint
Ppts recalled most of the information
Ppts asked to recall letters from a grid m
Recalled 75% of letters
Triesman (1964)
Ppts were briefly played an auditory message followed by a second message that was either the same message or a different message.
The time delay between the first and the second message varied from less than a second to more than two seconds.
Ppts could only correctly identify whether the second message was the same or different when the delay was less than two seconds.
This suggests that the duration of the sensory register for auditory information is less than two seconds.
Crowder (1993)
Ppts were shown visual and auditory information.
Ppts were then asked to recall the information either immediately, after a few milliseconds or after a few seconds.
Ppts could not recall visual information from their iconic storr of the delay lasted longer than a few milliseconds, but they could recall auditory information from their echoic store after a few seconds.
This suggests that the coding of the sensory Register is different for different senses and can be held for different amounts of time.
Jacobs
Ppts, from 8 year old to adults, were shown a series of numbers or letters. Each item was presented at half-seconds intervals.
Ppts were then asked to recall as many of the items as possible. The number of items recalled is known as a DIGIT-SPAN and it refers to the capacity of the STM
Ppts were shown three items and every time they could recall the list correctly another item was added. An extra item was added until the ppts could only recall 50% of the sequence.
Ppts could only recall, on average, 7 items plus our minus 2.
Peterson and Peterson
Ppts were shown trigrams.
Ppts are then asked to either recall the trigrams or use the Brown-Peterson technique to prevent maintenance rehearsal.
The longer the time maintenance rehearsal was prevented the fewer the numbers of trigrams recalled.
90% off trigrams were correctly recalled after the seconds but only 5% could be recalled after 18 seconds.
Baddeley
Ppts were asked to remember Laura of words that were either acoustically similar or dissimilar and lists of words that were either semantically similar or dissimilar.
Ppts STM and LTM were tested by asked them to recall the words either immediately or after a delay.
Bahrick
392 American ppts of ages between 17 and 74 were asked to name as many of their class mates as possible in one of two ways: identify the names of ex-classmates from a list of names out identify the names of ex-class mates from a set of photographs Ppts who had left high school up to 47 years previously could identify 80% of their ex-class mates in the name recognition test and 70% in the photo recognition test.
