memory (not in the sac) Flashcards
encoding
conversion of information into usable form so that is can placed and stored in memory
storage
retention of the encoded information over time
retrieval
recovery of stored information for use when needed
atkinson shiffrins multi store model of memory
sensory memory
short term memory
long term memory
sensory memory
- receives sensory info from the environment
- enables us to perceive the world around us
- unlimited
- momentary ( 0.2- 0.4 seconds)
short term memory
- receives information from the sensory memory and transfer info to and from long term memory
- maintains information in conscious awareness for immediate use
- 7+- pieces of information
- temporary ( 18-20 seconds, maybe 30)
- can be longer if rehearsed
- information stored is lost primarily through decay (not being used) and displacement (being pushed out)
long term memory
- information storage for re access and use at a later time\
- unlimited
- potentially permanent
- some info may be lost over time, indefinite
long term memory
- information storage for re access and use at a later time\
- unlimited
- potentially permanent
- some info may be lost over time, indefinite
types of sensory memory
iconic (visual)
echoic (auditory)
iconic memory
- used to describe visual sensory memory
- retains visual images for 0.2-0.3 seconds
echoic memory
used to describe auditory sensory memory
- lasts for 3-4 seconds as it takes longer to interpret and give meaning to these sounds
what is withing short term memory
duration and capacity
duration of stm
- most info can be retained for the first few seconds then after 12 seconds the recall starts to decline and about 18 seconds all info disappears entirely if not renewed
- maintenance rehearsal - continual repetition
- graph is fully decay
capacity of stm
- individuals can hold 7 bits of information
- has a capcity of 7 ± 2 bits of information
working memory
- information from sensory memory is processed in our working memory and info is retrieved from the LTM is used and manipulated in working memory
types of long-term memory
explicit (memory with awareness)
- semantic memory
- episodic memory
implicit (memory without awareness)
- procedural memory
- classically condition memory
explicit memory
- declarative memory
episodic memory - different episode/events that have a emotional value to an individual
semantic memory - recalling facts and knowledge
implicit memory
non - declarative memory
procedural memory
- motor skills and actions (e.g. driving)
classical conditioned memory
- conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus
atkinsons and shiffrin model
to sensory to short term you have to pay attention
short term to long term you encodes info
from long term to short term you retrieve
- from short term to short term you rehearse
