Memory (MSM) Flashcards
What components are in the multi-store model
Sensory register
Short term store
Long term store
How does sensory register turn into short term store in the MSM?
Via attention
What is the way information can be lost in the short term store of MSM
Displacement or decay
How does short term store turn into long term store in MSM
Via Rehersal
What are the 3 ways sensory info is registered in the MSM?
Ionic (deals with visual info)
Haptic (concerned touch)
Echoic (deals with auditory info)
How can memory be lost from the long term store in MSM?
Interference with retrieval
Sensory registers encoding, capacity, and duration
E - Limited
C - Very large
D - 1/4 second
STM encoding, capacity, and duration
E - Acoustically (but also visual)
C - 7 +/- 2
D - Up to 30 seconds
LTM capacity, and duration
C - unlimited
D- unlimited
What are the main types of encoding
Visual (image)
Acoustic (sound)
Semantic (meaning)
Why is it described as being a structural model
The info moves in a linear way
Why are the stores described or having distinct characteristics
Each store has different encoding, capacity and duration
How is it described using the word “rehearsed”
The more info that is rehearsed the easier it is to retrieve
Why is it described as being unitary?
.Since the STM and LTM is a single store for each
.damage one memory without effecting the other
+One assumption this makes is that it is unitary…
Physiological evidence
different stores associated with different regions of the brain E.g.
. Prefrontal cortex = STM
. Hippocampus = LTM
Been shown issuing fMRI scans showing areas of brain being active
(Sensory memory) Iconic memory - Sperling (1960)
.presented pp with array of 3 rows of 4 letters, each for 1/20th of a second
.pp asked to recall all, but could only recall 4-5 (although remembered there where more letters)
.memory for many letters decayed before could report
.redid but pp told to report part
.part recall good, memory held 9-10
.full recall much lower as iconic memory thought to decay within fraction of a second
(STM) Capacity - Millers 7+/-2 and chunking (1956)
.Average capacity is 7+/-2
.found that STM determined by number of “chunks” of info rather then num of singular letters
.However term “chunk” is too vague as found size of chunk can have impact on recall E.g
. Simon (1974) tested recall of 1-syllable, 2-syllable, and 3-syllable words & 2 words and 8 word phrases.
.larger chunks reduced memory span, pp recalling ⬇️ larger chunks and a ⬆️ num of smaller chunks
DO MORE + and -
AND BRAIN INJURY EVIDENCE
