memory lecture II Flashcards
what is the phonological loop
store of the WMM
-speech based info is processed and stored
what are the 2 subcomponents of the phonological loop
1.passive phonological store
2.acticulatory process
what is the phonological store
speech perception, holds phonologically coded info for short periods of time
what is the articulatory process
linked to speech production, gives access to phonological store, holds phonological info by repetition
what is the phonological loop often used for
verbal rehearsal
what is the phonological similarity effect
Baddeley et al 2018
-found STM much worse for phonologically similar words
-immediate serial recall of verbal material reduced when items sound similar
what is the word length effect
Baddeley et al 1975
-word span decreases when longer words are presented
what is articulatory suppression
rapid repetition of single sound that uses articulatory control processes
what did Jacquemot et al 2011 find
word length effect disappeared when pp engaged in articulatory suppression
what is a finding of brain damaged patients and word length effecy
brain damaged patients with impaired ability to engage in verbal rehearsal had no word length effect
what are the brain regions involved in the phonological store
supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus
what brain regions involved in the articulatory control process
brocas area
what does the CE of the WMM resemble
the attentional system
what does the CE do
-it distributes resources between visuo spatial and phonological loop
what is CE involved in
all complex cog activities e.g problem solving, multitasking etc
what part of brain in heavily involved in CE
frontal cortex
Mottaghy 2006 research
reviewed rTMS (magnetic pulses which disrupt particular area of brain when involved in particular processes)
-found performance in area of dorsolateral frontal lobe was impaired due to the rTMS manipulation when carrying out complex executive processes
opposition to findings of Mottaghy
-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is not the only region involved in executive processes
-brain damaged patients have poor executive function but no damage to frontal lobes
what is dysexecutive syndrome
damage to frontal lobes causing impairments to CE
what are executive functions
processes that organise and coordinate workings of cognitive system to achieve current goals e.g inhibiting dominant responses and shifting attention etc
what is cognitive stability
-an executive function
-keeping contents of the WM stable
-we need to filter out distractions so we achieve our goals
what is cog flexibility
-an executive function
-being able to alter our representations and cognitions e.g the next time we go to the shops we can buy something different than what we needed yesterday
