memory lecture II

Question 1

what is the phonological loop

Answer 1

store of the WMM
-speech based info is processed and stored

Question 2

what are the 2 subcomponents of the phonological loop

Answer 2

1.passive phonological store
2.acticulatory process

Question 3

what is the phonological store

Answer 3

speech perception, holds phonologically coded info for short periods of time

Question 4

what is the articulatory process

Answer 4

linked to speech production, gives access to phonological store, holds phonological info by repetition

Question 5

what is the phonological loop often used for

Answer 5

verbal rehearsal

Question 6

what is the phonological similarity effect

Answer 6

Baddeley et al 2018
-found STM much worse for phonologically similar words
-immediate serial recall of verbal material reduced when items sound similar

Question 7

what is the word length effect

Answer 7

Baddeley et al 1975
-word span decreases when longer words are presented

Question 8

what is articulatory suppression

Answer 8

rapid repetition of single sound that uses articulatory control processes

Question 9

what did Jacquemot et al 2011 find

Answer 9

word length effect disappeared when pp engaged in articulatory suppression

Question 10

what is a finding of brain damaged patients and word length effecy

Answer 10

brain damaged patients with impaired ability to engage in verbal rehearsal had no word length effect

Question 11

what are the brain regions involved in the phonological store

Answer 11

supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus

Question 12

what brain regions involved in the articulatory control process

Answer 12

brocas area

Question 13

what does the CE of the WMM resemble

Answer 13

the attentional system

Question 14

what does the CE do

Answer 14

-it distributes resources between visuo spatial and phonological loop

Question 15

what is CE involved in

Answer 15

all complex cog activities e.g problem solving, multitasking etc

Question 16

what part of brain in heavily involved in CE

Answer 16

frontal cortex

Question 17

Mottaghy 2006 research

Answer 17

reviewed rTMS (magnetic pulses which disrupt particular area of brain when involved in particular processes)
-found performance in area of dorsolateral frontal lobe was impaired due to the rTMS manipulation when carrying out complex executive processes

Question 18

opposition to findings of Mottaghy

Answer 18

-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is not the only region involved in executive processes
-brain damaged patients have poor executive function but no damage to frontal lobes

Question 19

what is dysexecutive syndrome

Answer 19

damage to frontal lobes causing impairments to CE

Question 20

what are executive functions

Answer 20

processes that organise and coordinate workings of cognitive system to achieve current goals e.g inhibiting dominant responses and shifting attention etc

Question 21

what is cognitive stability

Answer 21

-an executive function
-keeping contents of the WM stable
-we need to filter out distractions so we achieve our goals

Question 22

what is cog flexibility

Answer 22

-an executive function
-being able to alter our representations and cognitions e.g the next time we go to the shops we can buy something different than what we needed yesterday