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cognition II > memory lecture 1 > Flashcards

memory lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is memory

A

coleman 2015
-psychological function of preserving info, involving process of encoding, storage and retrieval

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2
Q

what is encoding

A

converting info into a different form

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3
Q

what is storage

A

act or process of storing anything in memory

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4
Q

what is retrieval

A

act or process of retrieving anything e.g recovering encoded info from storage and bringing to consciousness

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5
Q

what is the STM

A

coleman 2015
holds limited info for brief periods of time

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6
Q

what is the LTM

A

coleman 2015
memory containing info for 30s to many decades

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7
Q

what is the capacity of stm

A

a few items, typically 7

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8
Q

duration of stm

A

a few seconds

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9
Q

capacity of ltm

A

essentially unlimited

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10
Q

duration of ltm

A

up to several decades

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11
Q

what are the 3 stages of memory processing

A

1.encoding
2.storage
3.retrieval

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12
Q

what is a unitary store model

A

model that features a single memory store

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13
Q

what is a multi memory store model

A

model that features several memory stores

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14
Q

multi store model of memory (MSM)

A

atkinson and shiffrin 1968

                   attention       rehearsal sensory store-----------STM--------------LTM

decay displacement inference

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15
Q

sensory store

A

-modality specific
-sensory stores for all senses e.g vision, touch, taste etc
-holds info for short time

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16
Q

what are the two types of sensory store

A

iconic memory: sensory store for visual info for 250-1000 ms

echoic memory: sensory store for auditory info (2-3secs)

17
Q

transfer from sensory store to stm

A

some info is transferred to stm from the sensory store

18
Q

what is chunking

A

miller
-groups of items treated as a single item
-easier to remember more in chunks

19
Q

how can chunking be made easier

A

by referring to info from the ltm e.g easier to remember 9 letters if they can be remembered in 3 chunks of acronyms than 9 random letters

20
Q

what is double dissociation

A

shallice and warrington 1970
when some patients with brain damage may have damage to LTM but have a functioning STM and other patients may have damaged STM but functioning LTM

21
Q

what is single dissociation

A

when patients have damage to A but functioning B and cannot show the opposite
e.g there cannot be damage to B and have a functioning A
e.g babies and the elderly can walk but not run, there are no people who can run but not walk

22
Q

weakness of atkinson and shiffrin MSM

A

they suggest STM is a gateway from the sensory store to the LTM but this may be incorrect
-the STM may hold its own

23
Q

what is the working memory model WMM

A

baddeley and hitch 1974
-limited capacity system used in processing and brief holding of info

24
Q

WMM diagram

A

central executive
phonological loop visuo spatial sketchpad
episodic buffer

                              episodic LTM
25
Q

compare the working memory to STM

A

working memory = storage and manipulation of info
STM = just storage of info

26
Q

what are the visuo spatial sketchpad and phonological loops

A

stores

27
Q

what is the visuo spatial sketchpad

A

-stores visual info
-remembering what and where
-helps us find routes e.g walking to the shops

28
Q

loggie 1995 findings

A

-found the visuo spatial sketchpad contains two separate components
1. visual cache: stores info about colour and visual form
2. inner scribe: deals with spatial and movement info

29
Q

smith and jonides 1997

A

-pp presented with 2 stimuli at same time and performed 2 tasks (1 visual and 1 spatial)
-even though stimuli were identical there was more activity in the L hemisphere for visual tasks

30
Q

what do smith and jonides 1997 show

A

visual and spatial tasks are in diff parts of the brain

31
Q

morey 2008

A

-we have separate visual and spatial components in the brain
-challenges the assumption that visuo spatial sketchpad acts independently from other systems

cognition II (19 decks)

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