Memory: Key Vocabulary Flashcards
What is active processing?
Where a person transforms or manipulates the material that is to be remembered.
What is anxiety?
State of emotional arousal where there is a feeling of or experience of apprehension and uncertainty.
What process is this referring to?
Part of the phonological loop that repeats sounds or words to keep them in working memory until they are needed.
Articulatory process
Define capacity
The amount of information that can be held in memory.
What is the central executive?
Part of working memory that coordinates other components.
What is this referring to?
Method of increasing short-term memory by grouping information into larger units.
Chunking
Define coding
Changing the format of information for use in memory.
What is the cognitive interview technique?
Interview technique devised to improve the accuracy of witness recall.
What is this referring to?
Forgetting which occurs because the external cues at recall are different to those at the time of learning.
Context-dependent failure
What is cue-dependent forgetting?
Failure to recall information due to an absence of cues or triggers.
What does duration refer to?
The length of time information remains in memory.
What is the episodic buffer?
Part of working memory which is a temporary store integrating information from the other components.
What is episodic memory?
Type of long-term memory for information about specific experiences and events in our lives.
What is this referring to?
An account given by people of an event they have witnessed.
Eyewitness testimony
What is forgetting?
Failure to retrieve memories.
What component is this referring to?
Stores information about the physical relationship of items (part of the visuo-spatial sketchpad).
Inner scribe
What is interreference theory?
Memory can be disrupted not only by previous learning but also by what is learned in the future.
What is a leading question?
Question phrased in such a way that it prompts a particular kind of answer.
What is LTM?
Long term memory
Permanent store holding unlimited amounts of information for long periods.
What are Mnemonics?
Techniques used to improve memory.
What is the multi-store model of memory?
Explanation of memory that sees information flowing through a series of storage systems.
What is the phonological loop?
Part of working memory that deals with auditory information.
What is the primary acoustic store?
Part of the phonological loop which stores words heard.
What type of interference is this referring to?
A cause of forgetting by which previously stored information prevents learning and remembering new information.
Proactive interference
What is repression?
Unpleasant material is pushed into the unconscious mind.
What is retrieval failure?
Difficulties in recall that are due to the absence of the correct retrieval cues.
What type of interference is this referring to?
Occurs when newly learned information interferes with and impedes the recall of previously learned information.
Retroactive interference
What is a schema?
A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.
What is semantic memory?
Type of long-term memory for information about the world that is not linked to particular contexts or events.
What is the sensory register?
Store of sensory information that lasts no more than a few seconds.
What is STM?
Short term memory
Temporary memory store that holds limited amount of information for a short period of time.
What is state-dependent failure?
Forgetting which occurs because the emotional or physical state at recall is different to that at the time of learning.
What is the visual cache?
Part of the visuo-spatial sketchpad that stores information about form and colour.
What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
Part of working memory that deals with visual information.
What is the working memory model?
Model that suggests short-term memory is composed of three, limited capacity stores.
