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AQA Psychology: Year 1 > Psychopathology : Key Vocabulary > Flashcards

Psychopathology : Key Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Ellis’ ABC model? Can you name its three components?

A

Ellis’ explanation for how irrational thoughts affect behvaiour
A= activating event
B= Beliefs
C= Concequences

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2
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Extreme or irrational fear of entering open or crowded places, or leaving one’s home, or of being in places from where escape is difficult.

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3
Q

What is the ‘Basal ganglia’?

A

Region of the brain involved in the coordination of movement that has been linked to OCD.

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4
Q

What is this definition referring to;
antianxiety drugs used to treat OCD as they have a quieting effect on the brain and reduce anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts.

A

Benzodiazepines

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5
Q

What is bipolar depression?

A

Condition where a person has periods of elevated mood (mania) as well as periods of depression.

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6
Q

What is catastrophising?

A

Cognitive error where you exaggerate a minor setback and turn it into a major disaster.

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7
Q

What is CBT?

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a commonly used therapy which involves challenging and replacing irrational thoughts.

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8
Q

What is this definition referring to?
Error in thinking caused by simplified information processing.

A

Cognitive Bias

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9
Q

What are compulsions?

A

Irresistible urges to behave in certain ways

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10
Q

What is this definition referring to?
Gene which has a variation which results in higher levels of dopamine and this variation is more common in patients with OCD

A

COMT gene

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11
Q

Describe what is meant by counter-conditioning

A

Learning a new response to the phobic object/situation e.g. replacing fear with relaxation.

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12
Q

Describe what is meant by cultural relativism

A

The idea that cultural norms and values are culture specific and no-one culture is superior to another culture.

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13
Q

Define deviation from ideal mental health

A

Not meeting criteria which suggest you are mentally healthy.

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14
Q

Define deviation from social norms

A

A behaviour that deviates from social norms is one that is very different from how we would expect people to behave.

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15
Q

What is this definition referring to;
Higher levels of this neurotransmitter have been associated with the compulsions shown by OCD patients.

A

Dopamine

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16
Q

What is the DSM-5?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition is the standard classification of mental disorders used in the United States.

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17
Q

What is empirical dispute?

A

REBT technique where the therapist seeks evidence for a person’s thoughts.

18
Q

Define failure to function adequately

A

When a person’s behavior means they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life.

19
Q

What is an anxiety hierarchy?

A

Constructed by client and therapist.

A list of situations related to the phobic object/situation arranged in order from least to most frightening.

20
Q

What is the difference between flooding (in-vitro) and flooding (in-vivo)?

A

Flooding in-vitro involves imagined exposure to the person’s phobic stimulus.
Flooding in-vivo involves actual exposure to the phobic stimulus.

21
Q

What is hindsight bias?

A

The way that social norms change over time.

22
Q

What is the ICD 10?

A

The 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, produced by the World Health Organisation.

23
Q

What is logical dispute?

A

REBT Technique where the therapies disputes the logic of a person’s thoughts.

24
Q

What are negative self schemas?

A

Negative information we hold about ourselves based on negative past experiences that can lead to cognitive biases.

25
Q

What is Beck’s negative triad?

A

Three types of negative thinking (self, the world and the future) that Beck suggested occur automatically in people who are depressed.

26
Q

What is an obsession?

A

An idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person’s mind.

27
Q

What is this definition referring to?
A region of the brain which converts sensory information into thoughts and actions- higher activity has been found here in OCD patients.

A

Orbifrontal cortex

28
Q

What is overgeneralisation?

A

Cognitive error where you make a sweeping conclusion from a single incident.

29
Q

What is REBT? What does it stand for?

A

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy is a type of CBT based on Ellis’s ABC model.

30
Q

What is meant by selective attention?

A

Focusing on one piece of information while ignoring other information viewed as irrelevant.

31
Q

What is serotonin? What is low levels of it associated with?

A

Neurotransmitter which regulates mood - lower levels are associated with OCD.

32
Q

What is this definition referring to?
gene which affects the transport of serotonin, causing lower levels of serotonin which is associated with OCD.

A

SERT gene.

33
Q

What is a simple or specific phobia?

A

Irrational fear of an object (e.g. spiders) or situation (e.g. flying).

34
Q

What is a social norm?

A

The rules of behavior that are considered acceptable in a group or society.

35
Q

What is a social phobia?

A

Irrational fear of a social situation (e.g. speaking in public).

36
Q

What are SSRIs

A

Antidepressant drugs used to treat OCD which work by preventing the re-absorption and breakdown of serotonin.

37
Q

What is meant by a statistical infrequency?

A

A behaviour that is statistically infrequent does not happen very often.

38
Q

What is systematic desensitisaton?

A

A behaviour therapy designed to gradually reduce a phobia through the principle of classical conditioning.

39
Q

What is the two-process model?

A

Behavioural explanation for phobias which suggests they are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning.

40
Q

What is unipolar depression?

A

A major depressive episode that occurs without the manic phase.

AQA Psychology: Year 1 (8 decks)

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