memory key term glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

anxiety

A

state of emotional arousal where there is a feeling of apprehension and uncertainty

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2
Q

articulatory process

A

part of the phonological loop that repeats sounds and words to keep them in working memory until they are needed

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3
Q

capacity

A

amount of information that can be held in memory

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4
Q

central executive

A

attentional processor that coordinates and directs other slave systems

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5
Q

chunking

A

method of increasing short term memory by grouping information into larger units

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6
Q

coding

A

changing format of information for use in memory

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7
Q

cognitive interview

A

interview technique devised to improve accuracy of witness recall

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8
Q

context dependent failure

A

forgetting which occurs because the external cues at recall are different to those at the time of learning

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9
Q

cue dependent forgetting

A

failure to recall information due to an absent of retrieval cues

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10
Q

duration

A

length of time information stays in memory

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11
Q

episodic buffer

A

part of wmm which is a temporary store integrating information from the other components

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12
Q

episodic memory

A

type of long term memory for information about specific experiences and events in our lives

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13
Q

eyewitness testimony

A

an account given by people of an event they have witnessed

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14
Q

forgetting

A

failure to retrieve memories

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15
Q

inner scribe

A

stores information about the physical relationship of the items (part of the visuo spatial sketchpad)

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16
Q

interference memory

A

memory can be disrupted not only by previous learning but also by what is learned in the future

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17
Q

leading question

A

question phrased in such a way that it prompts a particular kind of answer

18
Q

long term memory

A

permanent store holding unlimited amounts of information for long periods

19
Q

misleading information

A

incorrect information given by an eyewitness after an event

20
Q

multi store model

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin
A cognitive approach that explains of memory as information flowing through a series of storage systems

21
Q

phonological loop

A

part of wmm that deals with auditory information

22
Q

post event discussion

A

potentially misleading and contaminated information as witnesses discuss what they saw afterwards so adopt new information to their own memories

23
Q

proactive interference

A

a cause of forgetting by which previously stored information prevents learning and remembering new information

24
Q

procedural memory

A

long term memory for ‘knowing how’

25
Q

retrieval

A

recall of stored memories

26
Q

retrieval failure

A

difficulties in recall that are due to absence of the correct retrieval cues

27
Q

retroactive interference

A

occurs when newly learned information interferes and impedes on recall of previously learned information

28
Q

schema

A

cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information

29
Q

semantic memory

A

type of long term memory for information about the world and facts. It is declarative

30
Q

sensory register

A

store of sensory information that lasts no more than a few seconds

31
Q

short term memory

A

a temporary memory store (18-30 seconds) that holds limited amount of information (5-9 items) for

32
Q

state dependent failure

A

forgetting which occurs because the emotional or physical state at recall is different to that at the time of learning

33
Q

visuo cache

A

part of visuo spatial sketchpad that stores information about form and colour

34
Q

visuo spatial sketchpad

A

part of working memory that links with visual information

35
Q

working memory model

A

Baddley and Hitch
model that suggests stm is composed of three limited capacity stores. It is concerned with the mind that is active when we are permanently storing information

36
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

occurs when we repeat material to ourselves over and over again

37
Q

phonological store

A

stores the words heard

38
Q

encoding specificity principle

A

Tulving
forgetting is more likely to occur when the context in which the memory is recalled is different from the context in which it was encoded

39
Q

yerkes dodson law

A

Illustrared as a bell-shaped curve, the law dictates that performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point. When levels of arousal become too high, performance decreases.

40
Q

enhanced cognitive interview

A

Fisher et al
developed additional elements to the CI to focus on the social dynamics of the interaction (eye contact, minimising distractions, asking open ended questions)