Memory-Dr. Berryhill Flashcards
What are the 2 types of memory?
declarative
non-declarative
What are the 2 types of declarative memory?
episodic (autobiographical), semantic
What is memory?
a reconstructive process
What are the 4 types of nondeclarative memory?
skills and habits
priming
conditioning
nonassociative
What kind of memory are these a part of:
Motor, perceptual, cognitive
skills and habits
What kind of memory are these a part of:
perceptual,semantic
priming
What kind of memory are these a part of:
pavlovian
operant
conditioning
What kind of memory are these a part of:
habituation
sensitization
nonassociative
What is working memory?
executive function memory
What is the capacity of working memory?
four items at one time
How long does your working memory work at one time?
30 seconds
What is episodic long term memory?
autobiographical memory
What are the 2 peaks of memory?
the remininscence bump (around 16-20) recency bump (70)
Why is there a big gap of memory between the remininscence bump and the recency bump?
because youve been there done that and it isnt memorable
What explain childhood amnesia?
you use language structures and systems that arent fully developed in young children (i.e kids only remember stuff that they were able to identify within the engish languange, could name a horse if they same a horse, couldnt remember the xylophone because as a child they didnt know the word for it)
The ventral medial prefronal cortex is linked to what clinical populations?
People with these impairments often lack what and report what?
depression schizophrenia PTSD Anxiety Disorders event details and report repeated events
What gives you emotional memory?
amygdala
What happens if you have bilateral amydala damage?
you dont get conditioned fear
One of the key components of semantic memory is the (blank) components
emotional
What is a flashbulb memory?
Are flashbulb memories accurate?
a moment in time that you remember with complete clarity (i.e like JFK assassination,9/11 etc)
No, you have confidence not accuracy
Which kinds of memory do you have more confidence for; flashbulb or everyday?
flashbulb
Which kinds of memory do you have more accuracy for; flashbulb or everday?
both are equal
Where does confidence come from?
Inferior parietal lobe
What would Iinferior parietal lobe damage cause?
difficult time recalling whether an event happened to them or someone else, effect their confidence in an event.
What happens if you remove both temporal lobes? (i.e HMs predicament)
you cant make new episodic memories, everything else was normal (and lost the year prior of memories) i.e had retrograde around trauma and anterograde amnesia.
someone with amnesia wont remember learning a new task but will show what kind of learning curve?
a normal learning curve!!!!
Do amnesics struggle with thinking about the future?
Yes :(
How do you get korsakoffs and what happens if you have it?
damage to mamillary bodies vi alcohol abuse and thiamnine deficiency (Vit B1)
you get confabulation (distorted/misinterpretate memories about oneself or the world)
What will your brain look like if you have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
abnormal mamillary bodies
What kind of memory problems do you have with alzeheimers disease?
anterograde and retrograde component as disease progresses
What is this:
caused by herpes simplex virus
acute encephalitis (30-70% fatal, ~ 2,000 cases/year )
acute: fever, headache, seizures, confusion, stupor, or coma
intense hemorrhagic necrosis of the affected tissue (often in the MTL)
serious neurologic deficits, amnesia, global dementia
herpes encephalitis
What part of your brain gives you spacial processing?
hippocampus of medial temporal lobe
What are the three sets of cells in the medial temporal lobe specifically the hippocampus that allows you to get around spacially?
Place cells->fire in a location in a given context.
Direction cell-> indicates which way your facing
Grid cell-> spacial layout, mile markers, i.e you are 5 feet from where you were.
The longer you are taxi driver the larger your (blank) is
posterior hippocampus (i.e better at navigation) while their anterior shrunk a bit.
What kind of memory does this; How we organize knowledge. Hierarchical Theoretically debated Role of attributes
semantic memory
Memories are not stored in the (blank), it is just a pointer to the neural populations that are engaged during the memory phenomenon.
hippocampus
People with frontotemporal dementia will have progressively loss in (blank) memory. As the disease progresses, these individuals will lose ability to do what?
semantic
identify items
What does the medial temporal lobe do?
stores comprehensive memory for a whole event
How do you store a comprehensive memory for a whole event?
Your medial temporal lobe will recieve processed info in cortical regions, return projections to same cortical regions, controls reorganization n cortex and binds info together from multiple geographically separate cortical regions
What kind of memory is procedural memory and classic conditioning?
implicit memory
Wht kind of memory is associated with skills, habits and behaviors?
procedural memory
What kind of memory is associated with emotional responses?
classical conditioning
(blank) memory is harder to form but harder to forget
implicit
What is this:
(blank) is an implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences a response to another stimulus.
(i. e the word NURSE is recognized more quickly following DOCTOR than following BREAD)
priming
What is the hardest kind of conditioning to exstinguish?
variable ratio/ unpredictable rewards
What are the 3 types of reward schedule for conditioning?
fixed interval (every 3 minutes) fixed ratio (every nth event) variable ratio (unpredictable)
What are the 2 types of memory?
long term and short term (working memory)
What are the 2 types of long term memory?
declarative (explicit) and non-declarative (implicit)
What are the four types of implicit non declarative memory?
procedural, priming and perceptual learning, simple classical conditioning, non-associative learning
What are the 2 types of declarative (explicit) memory?
episodic and semantic
What region of the brain is involved in episodic memory?
hippocampus, medial temporal lobe
What region of the brain is involved in semantic memory?
lateral and anterior temporal cortex, prefrontal cortex
What region of the brain is involved in procedural memory?
striatum, cerebellum, motor cortex
What region of the brain is involved in priming and perceptual learning?
neocortex
What region of the brain is involved in simple classical conditioning?
amygdala and cerebellum
What region of the brain involved in non-associative learning?
reflex pathways
What are the 5 areas of cognitive function that the MMSE addresses?
orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall and language
What is the max score in the MMSE? What score indicates cognitive impairment?
30
23 or lower
How do you score the Mini-Cog?
give 1 point for each recalled word after clock drawing
score of zero= dementi
score of 1-2 with abnormal clock is positive for dementia
What is a perfect score on the miniCog?
3 points
