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Block 5 Week 5 Dani > Aging - Fisher > Flashcards

Aging - Fisher Flashcards

1
Q

(blank) agin is universal to all members of a species

A

primary

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2
Q

Aging associated with disease, disuse, or abuse is (blank) aging

A

secondary

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3
Q

Rapid losses that ocurr shortly before death is (blank) aging

A

Tertiary

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4
Q

T/F: Late life are the psychological golden years

A

T

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5
Q

What are some of the changes in behavior during the golden years?

A 
More confidence
More empathy and generosity
Improved reliability and organizational skills
Improved problem solving
Improved emotion regulation
Less anxiety and negative affect 
More contentment
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6
Q

T/F: Processing capacity decreases while world knowledge and vocabulary increase with aging

A

T

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7
Q

is there a positive correlation between education and health outcomes?

A

Yes

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8
Q

T/F: More psychological development occurs during adulthood than childhood

A

T

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9
Q

T/F: young people more strongly prefer emotional ads than older people

A

F; old people like emotional ads waaaayyy more

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10
Q

do older people have an easier time recalling knowledge related items or emotionally meaningful items?

A

emotionally meaningful

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11
Q

Is the gain in world knowledge able to compensate in the decline of information processing?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Perceived time constrains on time motivate people to pursue what types of goals?

A

emotionally meaningful

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13
Q

T/F: Motivation to pursue emotionally meaningful goals influences the allocation of cognitive resources to emotional information

A

T

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14
Q

T/F: focusing on emotionally meaningful goals is good for one’s well-being

A

T

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15
Q

When time is limited, what group of people do individuals want to spend time with?

A

Friends and family

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16
Q

Do people make different choices when they perceive time as limited versus unlimited?

A

YES

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17
Q

Are young adults able to accurately recognize information they have seen before regardless of content?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Are old adults able to accurately recognize information they have seen before regardless of content?

A

No, emotional content is more readily recognized

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19
Q

Generally, as we age, do we tend to remember the good things or the bad things? What is this called?

A

The good things; the positivity bias

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20
Q

In young people, Is there a statsitically significant difference in attention to positive and negative stimuli?

A

No

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21
Q

In old people, Is there a statsitically significant difference in attention to positive and negative stimuli? What do they focus on?

A

Yes, they focus almost exclusively on the positive

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22
Q

Greater contentment, calm, and more pleasure and less conflict in relationships are all upsides of the (blank) bias

A

positivity

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23
Q

what age group has the lowest level of stress?

A

65 and older

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24
Q

What age group has the highest level of stress?

A

45-64

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25
Q

Describe the characteristics of an older couple in a long term marriage?

A

Less potential for conflict
Better negotiation skills
More potential for pleasure in several areas
Equivalent levels of mental and physical health
Fewer gender differences in sources of pleasure
More positive emotions
More empathic listening
More patience and flexibility

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26
Q

The lowest rates of psychopathology are found in (early/late) life

A

late

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27
Q

Financial decision making, health care decision making, extra attention to potential benefits and less attention to potential risks are the downsides to a (blank) bias

A

positivity

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28
Q

What are some of the concerns of older adults?

A 
Health and well-being of loved ones
Staying independent
Avoiding living in a nursing home
Financial concerns
Enjoying a high quality of life (even in the context of chronic disease)
Social support
Spirituality
Engagement in emotionally meaningful activity
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29
Q

Describe the concept of “compression of morbidity”?

A

Average age one becomes disabled for the first time is postponed, causing the time between the onset of disability and death to be compressed into a shorter period of time

30
Q

Are nursing homes conducive to healthy aging? What factors play into its role in aging?

A

No; lack of privacy, lack of interaction with family and friends, forced to do all the things that the older mind no longer wants to do

31
Q

In an nursing home, when EVERYONE was interviewed–staff and residents–who had the highest rate of diagnosable psychiatric disorders?

A

The young people!!

32
Q

Elderly runners have fewer disabilities, longer lifespan, and (blank) [its a fraction] as likely to die an early death as nonrunners

A

half

33
Q

What is the effect of vigorous exercise on survival rates?

A

it increases them

34
Q

What is the effect of vigorous exercise on disability progression?

A

It slows it

35
Q

Medical care and rehab, medication, therapies, external supports, and physical and social environment are (internal/external) factors for health vs. disability

A

Extraindividual

36
Q

Lifestyle and behavior change, positive affect, spirituality, and making accommodations for activities are (internal/external) factors for health vs. disability

A

internal

37
Q

Should the doc assume the older person is not competent to consent, even if they have diagnosed dementia?

A

No

38
Q

Should you always immediately involve family in the care of an older person?

A

NO, ONLY with their consent

39
Q

Is there an age cutoff where healthy lifestyle changes will not longer impact morbidity?

A

No, its never too late!

40
Q

Promoting behavioral health by promoting healthy behavior, prescribing emotionally meaningful activity and increases healthy choicces are a way the doc can improve the (blank) of life

A

quality

41
Q

Do medical diagnoses predict depression and suicide?

A

No

42
Q

What factor is directly related with predicting depression and suicide?

A

functional impairment

43
Q

T/F: polypharmacy has no increased risk of adverse events

A

F

44
Q

What percent of nursing home elders have an adverse event?

A

67%

45
Q

What percent of elders in the hospital have an adverse event?

A

30%`

46
Q

What percent of elders in the community have an adverse event?

A

35%

47
Q

What is the estimated range of medication nonadherence?

A

30-60%

48
Q

Adherence becomes (less/more) likely as number of meds increases

A

less

49
Q

What are some strategies for increasing adherence?

A
  1. Minimize number of meds
  2. Provide written instructions
  3. Link meds to daily events (brushing teeth) than a specific time
  4. Communicate with other docs
  5. Use the geriatric pharmacy med review service
50
Q

T/F: it is a priority to use restraint-free methods to control people with dementia

A

true

51
Q

What is excess disability?

A

When impairment exceeds what is expected to be due to the disease

52
Q

What is neurodegenerative dementia?

A

Premature reduction in behaviors

53
Q

Describe self-stigmatization during early phase dementia

A
  1. Metamemory: Hypervigilant in monitoring performance
  2. Social interaction becomes anxiety-provoking
  3. Social withdrawal and isolation
  4. Depression: Over 30% of patients in early stage
54
Q

What is the stigmatization by others experienced by pts with early stage dementia?

A
  1. Discomfort in interactions
  2. Corrective feedback during conversation
  3. Assuming all behavior is due to the dementia
55
Q

Evironment becomes increasingly confusing and a deterioration in environmental control of behvior and behavioral disturbances happen when in dementia?

A

middle and late phase

56
Q

What are some of the behavioral disturbances of dementia?

A

Agression
wandering
paranoia
disruptive vocalizations

57
Q

do the drugs for dementia stop progression?

A

No, it only slows it

58
Q

Do the drugs for dementia consistently help?

A

No, results are highly variable, lots of side effects

59
Q

What is the correlation between a dementia diagnosis and pain management?

A

Less pain medication given but more sedatives

60
Q

Are all behaviors of a patient caused by their dementia

A

No

61
Q

conventional antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics altered the death rate how in dementia?

A

Fucking increased it!

62
Q

What are some of the side effects of psychotropic interventions?

A 
Sedation
Increased cognitive impairment
Incontinence
Increased risk for falls
Delirium
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Higher mortality rate
63
Q

Elder abuse is the infliction of (3):

A
  1. pain
  2. injury
  3. mental anguish
64
Q

elder abuse is the deprivation of (3):

A
  1. food
  2. shelter
  3. clothing or services necessary to maintain physical and mental health
65
Q

is elder abuse always willful/intended?

A

No, you may not realize how impaired your loved one is

66
Q

What percentage of cases of elder abuse occur within the family?

A

95%

67
Q

What percent of nursing homes are cited for abuse?

A

30%

68
Q

What fraction of elders are at risk for some type of abuse?

A

1 in 4

69
Q

What is the most common form of elder abuse?

A

neglect

70
Q

do you report elder abuse even when you’re not sure its happening?

A

yes

Block 5 Week 5 Dani (9 decks)

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