Aging - Fisher Flashcards
(blank) agin is universal to all members of a species
primary
Aging associated with disease, disuse, or abuse is (blank) aging
secondary
Rapid losses that ocurr shortly before death is (blank) aging
Tertiary
T/F: Late life are the psychological golden years
T
What are some of the changes in behavior during the golden years?
More confidence More empathy and generosity Improved reliability and organizational skills Improved problem solving Improved emotion regulation Less anxiety and negative affect More contentment
T/F: Processing capacity decreases while world knowledge and vocabulary increase with aging
T
is there a positive correlation between education and health outcomes?
Yes
T/F: More psychological development occurs during adulthood than childhood
T
T/F: young people more strongly prefer emotional ads than older people
F; old people like emotional ads waaaayyy more
do older people have an easier time recalling knowledge related items or emotionally meaningful items?
emotionally meaningful
Is the gain in world knowledge able to compensate in the decline of information processing?
Yes
Perceived time constrains on time motivate people to pursue what types of goals?
emotionally meaningful
T/F: Motivation to pursue emotionally meaningful goals influences the allocation of cognitive resources to emotional information
T
T/F: focusing on emotionally meaningful goals is good for one’s well-being
T
When time is limited, what group of people do individuals want to spend time with?
Friends and family
Do people make different choices when they perceive time as limited versus unlimited?
YES
Are young adults able to accurately recognize information they have seen before regardless of content?
Yes
Are old adults able to accurately recognize information they have seen before regardless of content?
No, emotional content is more readily recognized
Generally, as we age, do we tend to remember the good things or the bad things? What is this called?
The good things; the positivity bias
In young people, Is there a statsitically significant difference in attention to positive and negative stimuli?
No
In old people, Is there a statsitically significant difference in attention to positive and negative stimuli? What do they focus on?
Yes, they focus almost exclusively on the positive
Greater contentment, calm, and more pleasure and less conflict in relationships are all upsides of the (blank) bias
positivity
what age group has the lowest level of stress?
65 and older
What age group has the highest level of stress?
45-64
Describe the characteristics of an older couple in a long term marriage?
Less potential for conflict
Better negotiation skills
More potential for pleasure in several areas
Equivalent levels of mental and physical health
Fewer gender differences in sources of pleasure
More positive emotions
More empathic listening
More patience and flexibility
The lowest rates of psychopathology are found in (early/late) life
late
Financial decision making, health care decision making, extra attention to potential benefits and less attention to potential risks are the downsides to a (blank) bias
positivity
What are some of the concerns of older adults?
Health and well-being of loved ones Staying independent Avoiding living in a nursing home Financial concerns Enjoying a high quality of life (even in the context of chronic disease) Social support Spirituality Engagement in emotionally meaningful activity
Describe the concept of “compression of morbidity”?
Average age one becomes disabled for the first time is postponed, causing the time between the onset of disability and death to be compressed into a shorter period of time
Are nursing homes conducive to healthy aging? What factors play into its role in aging?
No; lack of privacy, lack of interaction with family and friends, forced to do all the things that the older mind no longer wants to do
In an nursing home, when EVERYONE was interviewed–staff and residents–who had the highest rate of diagnosable psychiatric disorders?
The young people!!
Elderly runners have fewer disabilities, longer lifespan, and (blank) [its a fraction] as likely to die an early death as nonrunners
half
What is the effect of vigorous exercise on survival rates?
it increases them
What is the effect of vigorous exercise on disability progression?
It slows it
Medical care and rehab, medication, therapies, external supports, and physical and social environment are (internal/external) factors for health vs. disability
Extraindividual
Lifestyle and behavior change, positive affect, spirituality, and making accommodations for activities are (internal/external) factors for health vs. disability
internal
Should the doc assume the older person is not competent to consent, even if they have diagnosed dementia?
No
Should you always immediately involve family in the care of an older person?
NO, ONLY with their consent
Is there an age cutoff where healthy lifestyle changes will not longer impact morbidity?
No, its never too late!
Promoting behavioral health by promoting healthy behavior, prescribing emotionally meaningful activity and increases healthy choicces are a way the doc can improve the (blank) of life
quality
Do medical diagnoses predict depression and suicide?
No
What factor is directly related with predicting depression and suicide?
functional impairment
T/F: polypharmacy has no increased risk of adverse events
F
What percent of nursing home elders have an adverse event?
67%
What percent of elders in the hospital have an adverse event?
30%`
What percent of elders in the community have an adverse event?
35%
What is the estimated range of medication nonadherence?
30-60%
Adherence becomes (less/more) likely as number of meds increases
less
What are some strategies for increasing adherence?
- Minimize number of meds
- Provide written instructions
- Link meds to daily events (brushing teeth) than a specific time
- Communicate with other docs
- Use the geriatric pharmacy med review service
T/F: it is a priority to use restraint-free methods to control people with dementia
true
What is excess disability?
When impairment exceeds what is expected to be due to the disease
What is neurodegenerative dementia?
Premature reduction in behaviors
Describe self-stigmatization during early phase dementia
- Metamemory: Hypervigilant in monitoring performance
- Social interaction becomes anxiety-provoking
- Social withdrawal and isolation
- Depression: Over 30% of patients in early stage
What is the stigmatization by others experienced by pts with early stage dementia?
- Discomfort in interactions
- Corrective feedback during conversation
- Assuming all behavior is due to the dementia
Evironment becomes increasingly confusing and a deterioration in environmental control of behvior and behavioral disturbances happen when in dementia?
middle and late phase
What are some of the behavioral disturbances of dementia?
Agression
wandering
paranoia
disruptive vocalizations
do the drugs for dementia stop progression?
No, it only slows it
Do the drugs for dementia consistently help?
No, results are highly variable, lots of side effects
What is the correlation between a dementia diagnosis and pain management?
Less pain medication given but more sedatives
Are all behaviors of a patient caused by their dementia
No
conventional antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics altered the death rate how in dementia?
Fucking increased it!
What are some of the side effects of psychotropic interventions?
Sedation Increased cognitive impairment Incontinence Increased risk for falls Delirium Extrapyramidal symptoms Higher mortality rate
Elder abuse is the infliction of (3):
- pain
- injury
- mental anguish
elder abuse is the deprivation of (3):
- food
- shelter
- clothing or services necessary to maintain physical and mental health
is elder abuse always willful/intended?
No, you may not realize how impaired your loved one is
What percentage of cases of elder abuse occur within the family?
95%
What percent of nursing homes are cited for abuse?
30%
What fraction of elders are at risk for some type of abuse?
1 in 4
What is the most common form of elder abuse?
neglect
do you report elder abuse even when you’re not sure its happening?
yes
