Memory and Sleep Flashcards
Memory & Sleep
long-term potentiation has been linked to…
formation of new memories
Memory & Sleep
the primary difficulty experienced by the patient known as “H.M.” was related to forming what type of memories
new long-term declarative memories
Memory & Sleep
sleep spindles and K complexes are markers of what stage of sleep
Stage 2
Memory & Sleep
older (versus younger) adults often experience this type of sleep disturbance
advanced sleep phase
Memory & Sleep
most dreams occur during what type/stage of sleep when they are typically more vivid
REM
Memory & Sleep
deficits in source memory and item memory are most likely to be the result of lesions in this area of the brain
prefrontal cortex
Memory & Sleep
these 2 areas of the brain are most responsible for implicit memories
basal ganglia & cerebellum
Memory & Sleep
list the 6 brain areas that are known to be essential for memory
- hippocampus
- basal ganglia
- cerebellum
- amygdala
- prefrontal cortex
- thalamus
Memory & Sleep
this brain area is responsible for consolidation of long-term declarative & spatial memories
H.M.
hippocampus
Memory & Sleep
list the 2 brain areas associated with procedural & implicit memories
basal ganglia & cerebellum
Memory & Sleep
damage to these areas of the brain may cause a) trouble learning skills and b) trouble performing previously learned skills
basal ganglia & cerebellum
Memory & Sleep
damage to this area of the brain may cause a person to have the same level of recall for emotional & nonemotional experiences because emotions have not been attached to memories
amygdala
Memory & Sleep
this brain area plays a role in attaching emotion to memories
amygdala
Memory & Sleep
working, prospective, item, & source memory are associated with what brain area
prefrontal cortex
Memory & Sleep
this is a type of episodic memory for what happened in the past
item memory
Memory & Sleep
this is a type of episodic memory for when and where something happened in the past
source memory
Memory & Sleep
this brain area plays a role in memory processing
thalamus
Memory & Sleep
damage to this brain area may cause anterograde and retrograde amnesia
thalamus
Memory & Sleep
Sea slug research found that the short-term storage of information involved an increase in the release of this neurotransmitter, while long-term storage involved the development of new synapses and changes in the structure of existing neurons.
serotonin
Memory & Sleep
Researchers have found that changes in synapses associated with the formation of long-term memories depends on the synthesis of this type of protein that is necessary for protein synthesis.
RNA
Memory & Sleep
these theories of sleep assumes the purpose of sleep is to repair damage that occurs during wakefulness
recovery/restoration theories
Memory & Sleep
these theories of sleep assume sleep is related to the need to adapt to environmental threats by, for example, conserving energy
adaptive/evolutionary theories
Memory & Sleep
stage 1 of sleep is associated with what type of brainwaves
Bats Drink Blood
beta, alpha, & theta waves
Memory & Sleep
the sleep sequence of a 3-month old newborn changes how?
thesequence **reverses **
Memory & Sleep
stage 2 of sleep is associated with what type of brainwaves
Bats Drink Blood
sleep spindles & K-complexes
Memory & Sleep
stage 3 of sleep is associated with what type of brainwaves
Bats Drink Blood
delta waves
Memory & Sleep
stage 4 of sleep is associated with what type of brainwaves
Bats Drink Blood
delta waves
Memory & Sleep
stage 5 of sleep is associated with what type of brainwaves
Bats Drink Blood
beta waves
Memory & Sleep
list the characteristics associated with stage 1 of sleep
awake and relaxed or drowsy
Memory & Sleep
list the characteristics associated with stage 2 of sleep
light sleep
Memory & Sleep
list the characteristics associated with stage 3 of sleep
deep sleep; difficult to awaken
Memory & Sleep
list the characteristics associated with stage 4 of sleep
deep sleep; difficult to awaken
Memory & Sleep
list the characteristics associated with stage 5 of sleep
paradoxical sleep (e.g., active brain & physiological arousal while the body’s major muscle groups are nearly paralyzed; difficult to arouse; dreams are more vivid, bizarre, & detailed)
Memory & Sleep
after the first episodes of NREM and REM sleep, how do sleep stages progress throughout the night?
a person cycles through the sleep stages again, and this continues throughout the night
Memory & Sleep
In terms of sleep stages, as the night progresses, the duration of REM sleep (increases/decreases/stays the same) and the durations of Stages 3 and 4 sleep (increases/decreases/stays the same)
increases; decreases
Memory & Sleep
describe sleep patterns of newborn infants
- sleep longer than older children & adults
- spend** more time in REM sleep**
- begin the sleep period with active/REM sleep that is followed by non-REM/quiet sleep
Memory & Sleep
changes in the sleep patterns of a six-month old newborn infants
the 4 stages of non-REM sleep are evident
Memory & Sleep
list the total sleep time per day in infancy vs. adulthood
14 to 16 hours per day VS. ~8 hours
Memory & Sleep
characteristics of sleep for older adults
- more trouble falling asleep
- less time in deep sleep, especially Stage 4 sleep
- more evenly distributed REM sleep throughout the night
- wake up more often during the night
- experience an advanced sleep phase
Memory & Sleep
describe Advanced Sleep Phase (aka circadian phase advance)?
- going to sleep earlier in the evening
- waking up earlier in the morning
