Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiological Psychology > Brain Regions/Functions – Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Brain Regions/Functions – Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

this is the outer layer of the brain and is divided into the right and left hemispheres with each hemisphere containing four lobes – frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

these subcortical structures make-up the frontal lobe

A
  • Broca’s area
  • prefrontal cortex
  • primary motor cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

this subcortical structure is located in the dominant (usually left) frontal lobe and is known as a major language area of the brain

A

Broca’s Area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

damage to Broca’s area can result in…

A

expressive or non-fluent aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

symptoms of Broca’s aphasia

A
  • slow labored speech consisting primarily of nouns and verbs
  • impaired repetition
  • anomia (inability to recall the names of familiar objects)

comprehension of written & spoken language is relatively intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

difference between Broca’s vs. Wernicke’s aphasia?

A
  • Broca’s aphasia: limited language and speaking in 1 word or very short sentences
  • Wernicke’s aphasia: speaking in a jumbled “word salad” that others can’t understand.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

the bundle of nerve fibers connecting Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

A

arcuate fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

a rare type of aphasia resulting from damage to the arcuate fasciculus and affects both expression and comprehension

A

conduction aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

essential roles of the prefrontal cortex (PFC)

A
  • executive functions/ higher-order cognitive processes
    - planning
    - decision-making
  • memory (working & prospective)
  • regulation of emotions
  • expression of personality
  • social judgment
  • self-monitoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

an aspect of short-term memory involved in processing & manipulating information

A

working memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

this type of memories is associated with the ability to remember to carry out a planned action in the future

A

prospective memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

the 4 major areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC)

A
  • dorsolateral PFC
  • ventrolateral PFC
  • ventromedial PFC
  • orbitofrontal PFC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

function associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

A

executive functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

damage to this area of the brain primarily effects cognitive functioning, goal-directed behavior, concrete thinking, working memory, & judgment and can cause perseveration, disinterest, & apathy

A

dorsolateral PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

bbnormalities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are known to contribute to these mental health disorders

A
  • MDD
  • GAD
  • OCD
  • Schizophrenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

this area of the brain is associated with emotion regulation, decision-making, motor inhibition, memory, & goal-directed behavior

A

ventrolateral PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

damage to this area of the brain is associated with impaired emotion regulation, impulse control, & socioemotional behavior/control

A

ventrolateral PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

abnormalities in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) are known to contribute to these mental health disorders

A
  • social anxiety
  • generalized anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

this area of the brain is associated with social judgment, moral reasoning, emotion regulation, memory, & decision-making

A

ventromedial PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

damage to this area of the brain causes impaired facial emotion recognition, inappropriate emotional responses, poor social & moral judgment, lack of insight, & confabulation

A

ventromedial PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

abnormalities in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) are known to contribute to these mental health disorders

A
  • MDD
  • OCD
  • GAD
  • PTSD
  • schizophrenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

this area of the brain is associated with response inhibition, reward processing, impulse control, social behaviors, & emotion regulation

A

orbitofacial PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

damage to this area of the brain causes impulsive behavior, poor decision making, aggression, abusive behaviors, social inappropriateness, immature behavior, inappropriate disclosure of information, emotion dysregualtion, & lack of empathy

A

orbitofacial PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Brain Regions & Functions

abnormalities in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are known to contribute to these mental health disorders

A
  • MDD
  • bipolar
  • OCD
  • PTSD
  • schizophrenia
  • SUDs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The TEMPORAL LOBE contains what ares of the brain?

A
  • auditory cotex
  • Wernicke’s area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The ______ is involved in processing sound.

A

auditory cortex

27
Q

Damage to the auditory cortex can produce…?

A
  • auditory agnosia
  • auditory hallucinations
  • cortical deafness
28
Q

What is Wernicke’s area and where is it located?

A

major language area in the dominant (usually left) hemisphere.

29
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia also known as?

A

receptive and/or fluent aphasia

30
Q

What issues are associated with Wernicke’s aphasia?

A
  • fluent speech with a normal rate and intonation, but content lacks coherence and meaning (“word salad”)
  • impaired comprehension of written and spoken language, impaired repetition, and anomia
31
Q

What connects Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area?

A

arcuate fasciculus

32
Q

What is associated with damage to the arcuate fasciculus?

A
  • conduction aphasia
33
Q

What is conduction aphasia?

A

relatively intact comprehension with fluent speech that contains many errors, impaired repetition, and anomia

34
Q

The PARIETAL LOBE contains what ares of the brain?

A

the somatosensory cortex

35
Q

What is the main function of the somatosensory cortex?

A

processing sensory information related to touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and body position

36
Q

What is associated with damage to the somatosensory cortex?

A

somatosensory agnosias

37
Q

___(A)___ agnosia is an inability to recognize objects by ___(B)___.

A

(A) tactile
(B) touch

38
Q

___(A)___ agnosia is a lack of interest or recognition of one or more ___(B)___.

A

(A) asomatognosia
(B) parts of one’s own body

39
Q

___(A)___ agnosia is denial of one’s ___(B)___.

A

(A) anosognosia
(B) illness

40
Q

Damage to the somatosensory cortex can produce one or more types of ______ or the inability to perform purposeful, skilled movements that is not due to motor, sensory, or language impairment.

A

apraxia

41
Q

3 types of apraxia

A

1) limb-kinetic
2) ideomotor
3) ideational

42
Q

___(A)____ apraxia involves an inability to make precise, coordinated… (B)

A

(A) limb-kinetic
(B) movements using a finger, hand, arm, or leg

43
Q

___(A)____ apraxia involves an inability to imitate a motor activity or perform motor activity in response to a ___(B)___ request.

A

(A) ideomotor
(B) verbal

44
Q

___(A)____ apraxia involves an inability to plan or execute a task that requires a ___(B)___.

A

(A) ideational
(B) sequence of actions

45
Q

Damage to the ______ is associated with Gerstmann’s syndrome

A

somatosensory cortex

46
Q

_______ is usually caused by damage to the right (non-dominant) parietal lobe and involves neglect of and stimuli on the left side of the body.

A

Contralateral neglect (aka unilateral and/or hemispatial neglect)

47
Q

___(A)____ is caused by damage to the left (dominant) parietal lobe and involves right-left disorientation, inability to identify one’s own fingers (finger agnosia), a loss of writing skills (agraphia), and a loss of arithmetic skills (acalculia).

A

Gerstmanna’s syndrome

48
Q

The OCCIPITAL LOBE contains what are of the brain?

A

visual cortex

49
Q

Damage to the visual cortex is associated with…?

A

visual agnosia, visual hallucinations, achromatopsia, or cortical blindness

50
Q

Cortical blindness occurs when the primary visual cortex is damaged while the __(A)___ and ___(B)___ are intact.

A

(A) eyes
(B) optic nerves

51
Q

Damage to the visual cortex on the left hemisphere in the causes ___(A)___ on the ___(B)___ side of the body.

A

(A) blindness
(B) right

52
Q

What are the features of blindness exhibited during cortical blindness?

A

not consciously seeing a visual stimulus but having an appropriate physiological and behavioral response

53
Q

When blindsight involves responding appropriately to an emotional visual stimulus without consciously seeing the stimulus, it is referred to as ______ blindsight.

A

affective

54
Q

Bilateral lesions in the occipitotemporal junction can cause _____, characterized by an inability to recognizes the ___(A)___ of ___(B)___, and in some cases ___(C)___, and/or ___(D)___.

A

(A) prosopagnoasia
(B) familiar faces
(C) one’s own face
(D) faces of pets

55
Q

(A)% of right-handed people and (B)% of left-handed people have a dominant left hemisphere.

A

(A) 95%
(B) 50 to 70%

56
Q

When dominant, the left hemisphere is associated with what functions?

A
  • written and spoken language
  • logical and analytical thinking
  • positive emotions
57
Q

When non-dominant, the right hemisphere is associated with what functions?

A
  • holistic thinking
  • intuition
  • understanding spatial relationships
  • creativity
  • negative emotions
58
Q

The left hemisphere is associated with ___(A)___ functions, while the right hemisphere is essential for some aspects of language, including ___(B)___ and ___(C)___.

A

(A) language
(B) emotional prosody
(C) pragmatics

59
Q

There is evidence that the ______ hemisphere is involved in identifying the basic sounds of language (phonemes) by infants learning their native language and adults learning a second language

A

right

60
Q

Odors that enter the left nostril are transmitted directly to the ____ hemisphere.

A

left

61
Q

The ________ is the main bundle of nerve fibers that allows the two hemispheres to share information with each other.

A

corpus callosum

62
Q

Research on brain lateralization has used _______, which studies speech lateralization and involves presenting two different words simultaneously, with one being presented to the right ear and the other to the left ear.

A

dichotic listening task

63
Q

Speech lateralization using a dichotic listening task confirmed that ___(A)___ is lateralized to the ___(B)___ hemisphere for most right-handed people.

A

(A) language
(B) left

Physiological Psychology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions