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1
Q

Tissue groups

A

Tissue groups

  1. Epithelial tissue
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Nervous tissue
  4. Muscle tissue
  5. Fluid
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2
Q

Epithelial tissue groups

A

Epithelial tissue groups

  1. Simple squamous
  2. Simple cuboidal
  3. Simple columnar
  4. Simple columnar (ciliated)
  5. Stratified squamous
  6. Stratified cuboidal
  7. Stratified columnar
  8. Pseudostratified columnar
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3
Q

Muscle tissue groups

A

Muscle tissue groups

  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Smooth muscle
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4
Q

Functions of skin

A

Functions of skin

  1. Regulating body temperature
  2. Protection
  3. Reception of stimuli
  4. Immunity
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5
Q

Major body systems

A

Major body systems

  1. Skeletal system
  2. Muscular system
  3. Nervous system
  4. Cardiovascular system
  5. Respiratory system
  6. Digestive system
  7. Lymphatic system
  8. Endocrine system
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6
Q

Body cavities

A

Body cavities

  1. Cranial cavity
  2. Thoracic cavity
  3. Abdominal and pelvic cavity
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7
Q

Regions of the abdominal and pelvic cavity

A

Regions of the abdominal and pelvic cavity

Right hypochondrium

Epigastrium

Left hypochondrium

Right lumbar

Umbilical

Left lumbar

Right iliac

Hypogastrium

Left iliac

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8
Q

Parts of the respiratory tract

A

Parts of the respiratory tract

  1. Nose or nasal cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
  4. Trachea
  5. Lungs
  6. Bronchi
  7. Bronchioles
  8. Alveoli
  9. Hilum
  10. Pleura
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9
Q

Pulmonary volumes

A

Pulmonary volumes

Average adult figures:

Alveoli volume = 350ml

Dead air space = 150ml

Tidal volume = 500ml

Minute volume = 6000ml per minute
(based on the average adult rate of 12 respirations per minute )

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10
Q

Lung capacities

A

Lung capacities

Inspiratory reserve = 3100ml

Tidal volume = 500ml

Expiratory reserve = 1200ml

Residual air = 1200ml

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11
Q

Breathing rates

A

Breathing rates

Range of rates for healthy bodies:

Infants:
32-40 respirations per minute

Child:
24-28 respirations per minute

Adult:
16-20 respirations per minute

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12
Q

Common respiratory problems

A

Common respiratory problems

  1. Asthma
  2. Bronchitis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Emphysema
  5. Pulmonary embolism
  6. Pneumothorax
  7. Tension pneumothorax
  8. Hypoxia
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13
Q

Neuroglia

A

Neuroglia

  1. Myelin sheath
  2. Neurilemma
  3. Schwann cell
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14
Q

Parts of the central nervous system

A

Parts of the central nervous system

  1. Brain
  2. Spinal cord
  3. Meninges
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15
Q

Types of neurone

A

Types of neurone

  1. Unipolar neurones
  2. Bipolar neurones
  3. Multipolar neurones
  4. Association neurones
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16
Q

Parts of the brain

A

Parts of the brain

  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain stem
  4. Diencephalon
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17
Q

Types of meninges

A

Types of meninges

  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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18
Q

Types of head injury

A

Types of head injury

  1. Concussion
  2. Compression
  3. Contra coup
  4. Haemorrhage
  5. Lucid interval
  6. Shock
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19
Q

Epilepsy categories

A

Epilepsy categories

  1. Petit mal
  2. Grand mal
  3. Status epilepticus
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20
Q

Relevant sections of the Mental Health Act

A

Relevant sections of the Mental Health Act

Section 2
Admission for 28 days of assessment and treatment.

Section 3
Admission for 6 months of treatment.

Section 4
Emergency admission for 72 hours of assessment.

Section 131
Informal or voluntary admission.

Section 135
Place of safety order (private place).

Section 136
Place of safety order (public place).

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21
Q

Bone classifications

A

Bone classifications

Long

Short

Irregular

Flat

Sesamoid

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22
Q

Sections of the axial skeleton (3

A

Sections of the axial skeleton (3

Skull split in to 2

Cranium

2 parietal bones

2 temporal bones

1 occipital bone

1 frontal bone

1 sphenoidal bone

1 ethmoidal bone

Facial bones

2 nasal bones

2 palatine bones

2 lacrimal bones

2 inferior nasal conchae

2 zygoma bones

2 maxilla bones

Mandible

Vomer

Vertebral column

7 cervical vertebrae

12 thoracic vertebrae

5 lumbar vertebrae

5 sacral vertebrae (the sacrum)

4 coccygeal vertebrae (the coccyx)

Thoracic cage

7 true ribs

2 false ribs

3 floating ribs

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23
Q

Sections of the appendicular skeleton (3)

A

Sections of the appendicular skeleton (3)

  • Shoulder girdle

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Wrist

8 carpal bones:

Scaphoid

Pisiform

Capitate

Lunate

Triguetral

Trapezium

Hamate

Trapezoid

5 metacarpal bones (I-V)

14 phalanges

  • Pelvic girdle

Ilium

Ischium

Pub

  • Lower limbs

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Ankle

7 tarsals:

Talus

Cuboid

Navicular

Calcaneus

Cuneiform medial

Cuneiform intermedial

Cuneiform lateral

5 metatarsals (I-V)

14 phalanges

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24
Q

Types of joints

A

Types of joints

  1. Immovable joints (fibrous)
  2. Slightly movable joints (cartilaginous)
  3. Freely movable joints (synovial)
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25
Types of synovial joint
Types of synovial joint 1. **Ball and socket** 2. **Hinge joint** 3. **Double hinge** 4. **Gliding joint** 5. **Pivot joints**
26
Types of fracture
Types of fracture Simple (closed) Compound (open) Comminuted Greenstick Impacted Complicated
27
Causes of fracture
Causes of fracture 1. Transverse 2. Oblique 3. Spiral 4. Depressed 5. Pathological
28
Constituents of blood
Constituents of blood ***_Fluid:_*** Plasma ***_Solids_***: Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets
29
***_Blood vessels_***
Blood vessels ***_Arterial system: (blood from the heart)_*** Arteries Arterioles Capillaries *_Venous sytem: (blood to the heart)_* Capillaries Venules Veins
30
Parts of the circulatory system
Parts of the circulatory system 1. Systemic circulation 2. Pulmonary circulation 3. Portal circulation 4. Circulation through the heart
31
Pulse points
Pulse points 1. Radial - the wrist 2. Brachial - inside of the elbow 3. Carotid - sides of the neck 4. Pedal - front of the foot
32
Types of wound
Types of wound 1. **Incised** 2. **Lacerated** 3. **Abrasion** 4. **Contusion** 5. **Puncture** 6. **Gunshot**
33
Types of shock
Types of shock 1. ***Cardiogenic shock*** 2. ***Hypovolaemic shock*** 3. ***Anaphylactic shock***
34
Cardiac connditions
Cardiac connditions Angina pectoris Myocardial infarct Left ventricular failure
35
Amino acids
Amino acids 1. ***Arginine*** 2. ***Lysine*** 3. ***Tryptophan*** 4. ***Histidine*** 5. ***Methionine*** 6. ***Leucine*** 7. ***Phenylalanine*** 8. ***Isoleucine***
36
Minerals
Minerals Calcium Magnesium Fluorine Phosphorus Iron Potassium Iodine Sodium
37
Essential vitamins (2 groups
***_Fat soluble vitamins_*** 1. A 2. D 3. E 4. K ***_Water soluble vitamins_*** B 1 B 2 B 3 B 6 B 12 Folic acid Pantothenic acid C
38
Digestive processes
Digestive processes 1. Ingestion 2. Movement 3. Digestion 4. Absorption 5. Defecation
39
Parts of the alimentary tract
Parts of the alimentary tract 1. Mouth 2. Pharynx 3. Oesophagus 4. Stomach 5. Duodenum 6. Jejunum and ileum 7. Large intestine 8. Peritoneum
40
Types of poison
Types of poison 1. Burning or corrosive 2. Non-burning 3. Industrial 4. Irritants
41
Common poisons
Common poisons 1. Acetaminophen 2. Acetylsalicylic acid 3. Amphetamines 4. Barbituates 5. Cyanide 6. Narcotics 7. Solvents 8. Hallucinogens
42
Burn classifcations
Burn classifcations * ***Partial thickness*** 1. Superficial 2. Deep * ***_Full thickness_***
43
Rule of nines
Rule of nines Adult: 1. Head and neck = 9% 2. Front of trunk = 18% 3. Back of trunk = 18% 4. Leg = 18% 5. Arm = 9% 6. Genitalia = 1% Child: 1. Head and neck = 18% 2. Front of trunk = 18% 3. Back of trunk = 18% 4. Leg = 14% 5. Arm = 9% 6. Genitalia = 1%
44
Body temperature conditions
Body temperature conditions 1. Hypothermia 2. Hyperthermia
45
Category I diseases
Category I 1. Leprosy 2. Influenza 3. Whooping cough 4. Legionaires disease 5. Glandular fever 6. Malaria 7. Tetanus 8. Scabies 9. Erysipelas 10. Leptospirosis 11. Ophthalmia neonatorum
46
Category II diseases
Category II 1. Anthrax 2. Measles 3. Cholera 4. Rubella 5. Meningitis 6. Hepatitis B 7. Food poisoning 8. Gastroenteritis 9. Tuberculosis 10. Infestations 11. Chickenpox 12. Diphtheria 13. Dysentery 14. Typhus 15. Shingles 16. Mumps 17. Encephalitis 18. Poliomyelitis
47
Category III diseases
Category III 1. Smallpox 2. Marburgh 3. Rabies 4. Lassa fever 5. Ebola 6. Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF
48
Methods to clear obstructed airways
Methods to clear obstructed airways 1. Finger sweep 2. Back slaps 3. Head and neck tilt 4. Abdominal thrusts
49
Steps to primary survey
Steps to primary survey A: Airway B: Breathing C: Circulation
50
Steps to secondary survey
Steps to secondary survey 1. Head 2. Eyes 3. Head orifices 4. Respirations 5. Pulse 6. Shoulders 7. Trunk 8. Arms 9. Pelvis 10. Legs 11. Spine
51
Categories of the glasgow coma scale
Categories of the glasgow coma scale 1. Eye response 2. Motor response 3. Verbal response
52
Assessing lifts
Assessing lifts Task Individual capacity Load Environment Other
53
Major incident designated officers
Major incident designated officers 1. Incident officer 2. Liaison officer 3. Parking officer 4. Casualty clearing officer 5. Loading officer
54
Parts of the female reproductive system
Parts of the female reproductive system Uterus * Fundus * Body * Cervix Ovaries Fallopian tubes Vagina
55
Stages of childbirth
Stages of childbirth ***_Stage I_*** Lasts up to 14 hours Mucous plug released Contractions every 15-20 mins ***_Stage II_*** "Breaking of the waters" Fully dilated cervix Contractions every three mins Crowning is seen ***_Stage III_*** Actual birth Delivery of the placenta
56
Foetal presentations
Foetal presentations 1. Normal presentation - left or right-occipito anterior (head down presentation) 2. Malpresentation - right and left-occipito posterior (head down presentation) 3. Breech presentation - buttock presentation 4. Face presentation - head down presentation of face and NOT occipital bone 5. Brow presentation - widest part of skull presents 6. Transverse lie - no presenting part
57
Pregnancy related haemorrhages
Pregnancy related haemorrhages ***_Antepartum haemorrhage_*** * Accidental haemorrhage * Unavoidable haemorrhage * Abortion ***_Postpartum haemorrhage_*** ***_Traumatic haemorrhage_***
58
59
Categories of child abuse
Categories of child abuse 1. Physical abuse 2. Sexual abuse 3. Mental cruelty
60
Common illnesses in old age
Common illnesses in old age Parkinson's disease CVA - cerebrovascular accident
61

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