Memory

Question 1

Coding

Answer 1

The format in which info is stored in various memory stores

Question 2

Capacity

Answer 2

Amount of information that can be held in a memory store

Question 3

Duration

Answer 3

The length of time info can be held in memory

Question 4

MSM

Answer 4

Atkinson and Shiffrin’s MSM describes how info flows through the memory system. Suggests memory is made of 3 stores

Question 5

Interference

Answer 5

When 2 pieces of info conflict w/ each other, resulting in forgetting one/both pieces of info or distortion of memory

Question 6

Retrieval failure

Answer 6

A form of forgetting and occurs when we don’t have the necessary cues to access memory. Memory is available, but not accessible unless a suitable cue is present

Question 7

Cue

Answer 7

A trigger of information that allows us to access a memory. Cues may be external or internal

Question 8

EWT

Answer 8

An account given by people of an event, like accidents or crimes, they have witnessed. Accuracy of EWT can be affected by factors like misleading info, leading Qs and anxiety.

Question 9

Misleading information

Answer 9

Incorrect info given to eyewitnesses usually after the event. Can tame many forms like leading questions and post-event discussion betw co-witnesses and other people

Question 10

Leading question

Answer 10

A question which, because of the way it is phrased, suggests a certain answer. Eg, ‘Was the knife in the accused’s left hand’ This suggests the answer is ‘left hand’

Question 11

Post-event discussion

Answer 11

Occurs when there is more than one witness to an event. Witnesses may discuss what they have seen with co-witnesses or with other people. This may influence the accuracy of each witness’s recall of the event

Question 12

Anxiety

Answer 12

A state of emotional and physical arousal. The emotions include having worried thoughts and feelings of tension. Physical changes include an increased heart rate and sweatiness. Normal reaction to stressful situation, but can affect accuracy and detail of EWT

Question 13

Cognitive interview

Answer 13

A method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate memories. Uses 4 main techniques, which are based on well-established psychological knowledge of human memory- report everything, reinstate the context, reverse the order and change perspective