Gender Flashcards
Sex
Is innate; a person’s biological status, as either genetically male/female. Determined by different chromosomes (xx/xy) which then influence hormonal and anatomical differences, like reproductive organs, body shape…
Gender
Refers to a person’s psychological status as either masculine or feminine. Includes attitudes, behavs and social roles that’s associated w/ masculinity/femininity
Gender identity disorder
When a person’s biologically prescribed sex doesn’t reflect the gender they identify themselves as being
Sex-role stereotypes
A set of shared expectations within a society about what is expected or appropriate (behavs) for males and females to do
Androgyny
Displaying a balance of masculine and feminine characteristics in one’s personality
Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI)
Is a psychological, systematic test used to measure androgyny. Uses a rating scale of 60 traits (20 masculine, 20 feminine, 20 neutral ) to produce scores across 2 dimensions : masculinity-femininity and androgynous-undifferentiated
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Have sex chromosome structure of XXY, but biologically male, w/ male genitalia
Turner’s syndrome
Have sex chromosome structure of XO, where the 2nd sex chromosome is partly or completely missing. SO have 45 full chromosomes.
Kohlberg’s theory
Theory emphasises role of cognition in the process of development and is based on the idea that a child’s understanding of gender becomes more sophisticated w/ age due to physical changes in the brain
Gender identity (2&3)
Children of this age identify themselves and others as boy/girl, man/woman. This labelling based on appearance only, like hairstyle or clothes. Children will change the gender labels as appearances change. ‘He has long hair now, so must be a girl’- not aware that sex is permanent
Gender stability (4-6)
Children recognise gender is something that’s consistent overtime, boys grow into men and girls grow into women- so acquire gender stability
But don’t understand that gender is consistent across situations, believing males may change into females if they engage in female activities, eg, male nurses
Gender constancy (7+)
Children recognise that gender remains constant and consistent across time and situations and this understanding is also applied to others.
No longer fooled by changes in outward appearances, but may regard a man wearing a dress as strange, but able to understand that they’re male underneath.
Kids begin to seek out gender-appropriate role models to identify w/ and imitate
Gender schema theory
Like Kohlberg’s theory, argues kids understanding of gender incs w/ age
Gender schema
A mental representation of everything we know in relation to ender, like gender appropriate behaviour
ingroup/outgroup
The group w/ which a person identifies
